tusi bade oh aa

aho  /:)

app dekho wadde salman khaan ne na :huhh:

leave my gippy alone :happy:

this is so true, infact, a reality!

another defination of 'Phychiatrist'
A Phychiatrist is man who goes to strip club and watch the audience - by merv stockwood
  :he:

aa sahi hega  :laugh:

At one point, I used to be in love with Bentleys...now, it just reminds me of old people. :happy:

Ya Berta not say anything to kudrat ji the nicest girl on PJ

stop threatening people for no reason, no one has said anything to ridicule anyone.

Yeah true Kudrat ji. But Dementia is a terrible illness; my Chachi ji siffered from it. By the end she could not recognise any of her children and my poor old Chacha ji looked after her knowing that she did not really recognisie him either.  :sad:

Agreed, dementia is a horrible condition, it not only affects the patient but the whole family as well.

Baaki, i know kudrat was joking :pagel:

this is awesome :laugh: hhahaha that van flipped :laugh: chine vichaare de dand hi bahar nikal gaye

i love that one jehda sheeshe ch ball maaarde and it hits them back :laugh:


vaaaat a choice of music :

Exploding H-Bombs In Outer Space

Since we're coming up on the Fourth of July, and towns everywhere are preparing their better-than-ever fireworks spectaculars, we would like to offer this humbling bit of history. Back in the summer of 1962, the U.S. blew up a hydrogen bomb in outer space, some 250 miles above the Pacific Ocean. It was a weapons test, but one that created a man-made light show that has never been equaled — and hopefully never will.


If you are wondering why anybody would deliberately detonate an H-bomb in space, the answer comes from a conversation we had with science historian James Fleming of Colby College:

"Well, I think a good entry point to the story is May 1, 1958, when James Van Allen, the space scientist, stands in front of the National Academy in Washington, D.C., and announces that they’ve just discovered something new about the planet," he told us.


Van Allen described how the Earth is surrounded by belts of high-energy particles — mainly protons and electrons — that are held in place by the magnetic fields.

 

NASA
There are two Van Allen radiation belts that circle the Earth (shown here in purple): an inner belt and an outer belt. The belts are contained by the Earth’s magnetic field (pictured as gray lines). Red marks a radiation-safe orbit path for satellites.

Today these radiation belts are called Van Allen belts. Now comes the surprise: While looking through the Van Allen papers at the University of Iowa to prepare a Van Allen biography, Fleming discovered "that [the] very same day after the press conference, [Van Allen] agreed with the military to get involved with a project to set off atomic bombs in the magnetosphere to see if they could disrupt it."

Discover It, Then Blow It Up

The plan was to send rockets hundreds of miles up, higher than the Earth's atmosphere, and then detonate nuclear weapons to see: a) If a bomb's radiation would make it harder to see what was up there (like incoming Russian missiles!); b) If an explosion would do any damage to objects nearby; c) If the Van Allen belts would move a blast down the bands to an earthly target (Moscow! for example); and — most peculiar — d) if a man-made explosion might "alter" the natural shape of the belts.

Why Starfish Prime Created Rainbow Skies

To understand where the colors come from in Starfish Prime, you first have to know a little bit about Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen and oxygen are the two most abundant gases in our air. The concentration of each gas is different depending on the altitude.


When Starfish Prime detonated, charged particles — electrons — were released from the explosion. According to NASA astrophysicist David Sibeck, those particles came streaming down through the Earth's atmosphere, energizing oxygen and nitrogen atoms, causing them to glow in different colors.


But why?


As electrons collide with the atoms, energy is transferred to the atoms. After holding onto it for a moment, the excess energy is released as light. When many excited atoms release energy together, the light is visible to the naked eye. Depending on the type of atom and the number of atoms, you get different colors.


It's similar to what causes the aurora borealis, although those electrons are coming from the solar wind pounding into Earth. The electrons first encounter a high concentration of oxygen at the upper reaches of Earth's atmosphere, causing the atoms to release a red light. Then green appears as the electrons travel to lower altitudes where there are fewer oxygen atoms. Even lower, where more nitrogen atoms are present, the collisions throw off a blue light.


But in the Starfish Prime explosion, charged particles went in every direction. That's why you see the sky filled with a rainbow of colors nearly all at once in the footage. — Meagen Voss

The scientific basis for these proposals is not clear. Fleming is trying to figure out if Van Allen had any theoretical reason to suppose the military could use the Van Allen belts to attack a hostile nation. He supposes that at the height of the Cold War, the most pressing argument for a military experiment was, "if we don’t do it, the Russians will." And, indeed, the Russians did test atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs in space.

In any case, says the science history professor, "this is the first occasion I've ever discovered where someone discovered something and immediately decided to blow it up."

Code Name: Starfish Prime

The Americans launched their first atomic nuclear tests above the Earth's atmosphere in 1958. Atom bombs had little effect on the magnetosphere, but the hydrogen bomb of July 9, 1962, did. Code-named "Starfish Prime" by the military, it literally created an artificial extension of the Van Allen belts that could be seen across the Pacific Ocean, from Hawaii to New Zealand.

In Honolulu, the explosions were front page news. "N-Blast Tonight May Be Dazzling: Good View Likely," said the Honolulu Advertiser. Hotels held what they called "Rainbow Bomb Parties" on rooftops and verandas. When the bomb burst, people told of blackouts and strange electrical malfunctions, like garage doors opening and closing on their own. But the big show was in the sky.

Human Mind Likes to Present a Consistent Picture

Scientists at the California Institute of Technology have developed a visual illusion that they believe will help explain how human brains make sense of the world. The computer simulation shows how various parts of the brain act together to make a coherent visual image.

 
NPR's Joe Palca talks with NPR's Michele Norris, host of All Things Considered, about the research, which appears in the current issue of Nature.

Do the Illusion

Step 1: Click on the "Illusion Animation" link: http://www.npr.org/programs/atc/features/2004/may/illusion/illusion.html

Sit so your eyes are about 8 inches from the screen. Look at the center of the animation and pay careful attention to the direction the red dots appear to moving.

Step 2: Still sitting with your eyes about 8 inches from the animation, now look at a point about 1 inch from the left hand edge of the screen and note which direction the red dots are now moving.

What You Should See: In step 1, all the red dots in the entire animation appear to be moving down, and the green dots appear to be moving up. In reality, the screen is broken into three columns. In the center column, the red dots are indeed moving down, and the green dots up. But in the other two columns, to the left and right of center, the direction of the dots is reversed.

The Illusion Explained: What's happening is an example of a "binding problem" in the brain. Typically, color and movement are thought to be processed by different parts of the brain. But a red ball rolling across a table looks like a red ball rolling across a table because the brain puts the movement and color information together to form a coherent perception.

The brain is trying to do that in this illusion; it's incorrectly binding color and motion so it can tell us that all the red dots are moving in the same direction throughout our "world," in this case the animation display. The illusion breaks down if you stand several feet away from the monitor, and watch the illusion (a long mouse cable or a friend is necessary to do this.)