India's Got Talent khoj 2 31st july 2010 igt Episode 2 Part 8 India's Got Talent 31st july 2010

Ingredients:

2 cups Badam
2 1/2 cups Sugar
2 drops Kesar Colour
1 cup Ghee
1 cup Milk


How to make badam halwa:
1 Leave the almonds in hot water for 1 hour.
2 Remove the outer skin and grind to a paste with the milk.
3 Make sugar syrup and boil till it reaches a one string consistency.
4 Add the badam paste and cook till it thickens.
5 Add the kesar colour.
6 Add ghee little by little stirring continuously on low heat.

slamabad, July 17 (IANS) Expressing wonder at the 'fixation' of Pakistani leaders on a dialogue with 'arch-enemy' India, an editorial in a Pakistani Urdu paper Saturday said there was no sense in talking if India did not consider Kashmir a 'disputed area'.

Instead of trying to push for the resumption of the Composite Dialogue, it would be much better to support the ongoing struggle of the 'oppressed' Kashmiri people, an editorial in Nawa-i-Waqt said.

It also said the current time was best to wrest control of Kashmir by force as 'no other options would work with India' and the 'opportunity should not be wasted'. It noted that 'even the Indian Army chief had admitted that force had little hope of holding Kashmir'.

'If need be, we can use our nuclear capability to deter the cowardly Indians,' the editorial titled 'Laaton ka bhoot baaton se kaise manega? (What effect will words have on someone used to blows)'.

Citing Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi's press conference Friday where he spoke about his talks with his Indian counterpart S.M. Krishna in Islamabad Thursday, the editorial said if Qureshi really felt that Krishna had a 'limited mandate' for talks and was only harping on the issue of terrorism and the 26/11 Mumbai attack, 'then what were the issues that kept them talking for more than six hours'.

The editorial termed an 'insult' Krishna's insistence, in the joint press conference with Qureshi, that Kashmir was 'an inalienable part of India, it had a lawfully elected government under the Indian constitution, and that Pakistan was infiltrating terrorists across the Line of Control since the past two years to disturb law and order'.

It castigated Qureshi, terming as 'eminently regrettable' his lack of response when Krishna made 'such claims on Pakistan soil'.

The editorial said there was no sense in talking to India when it 'refused to implement the UN resolutions on Kashmir or release Pakistan's share of river water'.

It accused India of 'harbouring aggressive designs on Pakistan' and said 'it had never come to terms with Pakistan's existence and always remained engrossed in and never giving up any effort to do it harm'.

'When it engages in discussions with us, India wants Pakistan to give up its support to the Kashmiri people, under the pretext of trade, flood our markets with Indian goods and turn us into a market for Bollywood films,' it said, adding India always wanted Pakistan to be weak so that it could, with America's blessing, take over the country to achieve its 'dream of Akhand Bharat'.

The editorial claimed that Pakistan should refrain from returning to the days of 'Commando General Pervez Musharraf' when the government was almost on the verge of 'handing Kashmir over to India on a plate' only to earn the goodwill of the United States.

Punjab has a rich tradition of arts and crafts. The richness of the land is reflected in its handicraft. The people of Punjab lay much importance on their artistry and the minute details of their work. You get to see their skill woven even into the footwear, daily dresses, carpets and almost every other thing. The artistic creations of Punjab are acclaimed all over the world. The skilled and dexterous artisans of the state produce a variety of handicrafts and even the rural women have a major contribution in the production of these fascinating art works. Mud work is a famous rural practice in Punjab, prevalent from the ancient times. It is a trend in Punjab to mud-plaster the walls of the house and then, create motifs and designs on the mudded walls.

Metalwork is also very popular in Punjab. Utensils made of metals are used in households, as also for religious purposes. Carpenters in the state make Peeras or Peerians, decorative boxes, pidhis and toys of wood, which are very popular in the whole of North India. Thin straws of glass are used for basketry works, which is another Punjabi craft that is immensely popular. Mats, rugs, carpets, curtains and hand fans are woven using these straws. Embroidery is another extensively followed work of art, known in the state by various local names. Phulkari, an intricate needle work, is extremely popular and is mainly taken up by village girls. There are many other handicrafts specific to the place, with the most popular ones being described in this section.




Basketry in Punjab
Basketry is a longstanding handicraft followed in most parts of Punjab. Mostly, the womenfolk in villages are oriented towards basketry as a means of employment. Initially, these baskets were predominantly used for household purposes.

Durries of Punjab
Durries are the flat woven rugs that are functional as well as striking in nature. They are used either as carpets on the floor or as bed sheets. What makes them distinct from the normal carpet and the bedcover is the intricate blend of artistic designs.

Folk Toys of Punjab
Folk toys of Punjab are the products of the perfect amalgamation of artistry and social values. The earliest handmade toys of Punjab can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization, from 2500 to 1700 BC. Among the most prominent toys of Indus Valley Civilization is the exceptionally large number of small terracotta carts.

Juttis of Punjab
Punjabi juttis represent the traditional footwear of Punjab, which is known worldwide for its exquisite design and intricate pattern. It can be described as a traditional Indian shoe, which some other states like Rajasthan and Haryana also manufacture.

Mud Works of Punjab
Mud work is an ancient handicraft of Punjab, which is popular in the state till date. It marks the zenith of Punjabi creativity, in turning out dull objects into masterpieces of art. Punjabis have a special art called Chowk-Poorna, which involves the plastering of the house walls with mud and then decorating them with eye-catching designs.

Punjabi Paintings
In the grand collection of Punjabi arts and crafts, one name that deserves a mention is the mural paintings and frescoes. These types of paintings are mainly done on permanent surfaces like walls, ceiling, gates etc. Punjabi people, by nature are lively and juvenile.

Punjabi Paranda
Paranda is one of the traditional handicrafts of Punjab. It is a colorful hanging worn by the Punjabi women in their hair. Most of the Punjabi women have long hair, which they plait and then tie a paranda at the end. Parandis are available with a great variety in designs and colors. They are made out of a bunch of silk threads, intricately woven with other skillful works.

Punjabi Phulkari
'Phulkari’, literally meaning the flower working, is designed to enhance the beauty of attire. It is an art form, in which exquisite embroidery is done over shawls, dupattas and headscarves, in a simple and sparse design. In some cases, the entire cloth is covered with dense designs, so that the ground cloth becomes invisible.

Punjab Weaving:
Punjab has a rich tradition of weaving and embroidery, which is very popular all over the world. Embroidery is the form of art wherein fabrics are decorated using needle and colorful thread or yarn. This has a tempting attraction owing to the different fancy materials it uses, like pearls, small mirrors, beads, quills, sequins, etc.

Punjab Woodwork:
Punjab is well known for its artistic woodwork. Punjabi carpenters are highly skilled in making strong, durable and at the same time, visually attractive furniture. Their specialty lies in making a creative bed that has the back fitted with mirrors and has beautifully carved, colorful legs called pawas.

Duppatta is very important part of Punjabi girls. It increases the smartness and proud of the women, but the traditional fashion of Punjabi girl is decreasing in Punjab due to the western culture. Instead of taking the duppatta on the head, girls/women wear it only around the neck. Duppatta that prove length from two to two and half meter increase the beauty of the girls. Salwaar kameez is incomplete without duppatta. Duppatta not only look nice but I guess it makes the girl look more trendy, if worn correctly and reflects the inner beauty  of the women.

The present Punjabi girls became is now driven due to the glitz of western fashion in Punjab. They are much more confused by different combinations of dresses available in the market. Fashion designers have also shown their interest in  Duppatta . nd these days we can regularly see importance given to duppata in Fashion shows specially punjabi shows First duppatta was taken on the both shoulders but now it’s mere a piece of cloth hanging on one of the shoulder or sometimes around the neck.

Even when many companies are started to focus on the Punjabi culture with Punjabi competition where not only the brain and beauty is put on test but also the way the women dresses is also of much importance.
 

I won’t say that only Punjabi girls are mad behind the western culture, its vice-versa too and I have seen women in western countries have  started appreciating the punjabi dress. An example of this can be seen in NewYork and California where you can see American girls wearing Punjabi suits and Punjabi dresses. I am not saying that the Punjabi girl should not wear western dresses, the point here is that if at all we are wearing a punjabi dress such as Salwaar Kameez, one should also wear Duppata the way it should be worn with it and should not wear it as an extra accessory, else its better just not to wear it at all. If one does not gives importance to duppatta along with punjabi dress then it becomes merely a part of dress exhibition.    

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Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

#The polymer exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is one of the most promising fuel cell technologies. This type of fuel cell will probably end up powering cars, buses and maybe even your house. PEMFC  use hydrogen fuel and oxygen from the air to produce electricity.


Fuel Cell Chemistry:
A proton exchange membrane fuel cell transforms the chemical energy liberated during the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy, as opposed to the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen gases to produce thermal energy.

A stream of hydrogen is delivered to the anode side of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). At the anode side it is catalytically split into protons and electrons. This oxidation half-cell reaction is represented by:
At the Anode:

 2H2----->4H+ + 4e-    Eo = 0V

The newly formed protons permeate through the polymer electrolyte membrane to the cathode side. The electrons travel along an external load circuit to the cathode side of the MEA, thus creating the current output of the fuel cell. Meanwhile, a stream of oxygen is delivered to the cathode side of the MEA. At the cathode side oxygen molecules react with the protons permeating through the polymer electrolyte membrane and the electrons arriving through the external circuit to form water molecules. This reduction half-cell reaction is represented by:


At the Cathode:

   O2 + 4H+ + 4e-  -----> 2H2O   Eo = 1.229V




Overall reaction:
Overall: 2H2 + O2------->2H2O + energy

 Eo = 1.229V

Fuell cell  which may replace conventional engines  in automobiles and will also be one of the major source of power generation :)