MPs have overwhelmingly backed UK air strikes against so-called Islamic State in Syria, by 397 votes to 223, after an impassioned 10-hour Commons debate.
A total of 66 Labour MPs sided with the government as David Cameron secured a larger than expected Commons majority.
The PM said they had "taken the right decision to keep the country safe".
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn had said the case for war did "not stack up" but shadow foreign secretary Hilary Benn had urged MPs to "confront this evil".
Welcoming the Commons result, Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond said Britain was "safer because of the actions taken by MPs today".
He added: "Military strikes alone won't help Syria, won't keep us safe from Daesh. But this multi-strand approach will."
The UK has been bombing IS (also known as Isis and Daesh) in Iraq since last year and the vast majority of Conservative MPs supported allowing UK air strikes in Syria as well, with just seven - far fewer than expected - voting against.
The SNP, all of whose 54 MPs opposed military action, said it was disappointed and feared the outcome would lead "to Iraq and Libya all over again".
Mr Corbyn had argued that air strikes would "almost inevitably" result in the deaths of innocent people - but his party was split, with senior Labour figures - including 11 members of the shadow cabinet - voting with the government after they were given a free vote.
The 66 Labour MPs who backed military action was equivalent to 29% of the parliamentary party.
Reacting to the vote, aides to Mr Corbyn said a majority of the parliamentary party and the shadow cabinet had backed his position and the leader's authority had been "enhanced".
Shadow international development secretary Diane Abbott said Mr Corbyn was more in line with the public than the prime minister, telling the BBC that "very soon public opinion will tire of Cameron's war".
But the United States, which along with France, Russia and other countries are already conducting missions in Syria, welcomed the vote, saying "it looks forward to having UK forces flying with the coalition over Syria".
Anti-war protesters staged a demonstration outside Parliament as MPs debated the issue, with one woman crawling under a lorry and refusing to move. She is reported to have been arrested.
Mr Cameron had opened the debate insisting Britain must decide whether it wanted to take on the "evil" of IS, which he said should be referred to as Daesh, in Syria or "wait for them to attack us".
He refused to apologise for saying opponents of military action were "terrorist sympathisers" but said there was "honour" in voting for or against military action.
He also defended his claim that there were 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria, saying it was the estimate of the Joint Intelligence Committee - the UK's senior intelligence body.
But Mr Corbyn accused the PM of rushing the vote because he understood "public opposition to his ill thought-out rush to war is growing".
And he disputed Mr Cameron's claim about ground troops, saying it was "quite clear there are no such forces" and only extremists would take advantage of the strikes against IS.
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