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Greater Punjab means State of Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh in India and Province of Punjab in Pakistan and jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir...

If you have any information or any pic related to the history of Punjab, you can share it share. Also if you have any query regarding the history of Punjab you can post it here...

In order to understand the history of some region, it is important that we should first know the Geography of that region.
The map below shows the physiography of Punjab. Green shades represent plains and reddish shades represent highlands. Black dots represent desert areas.



Well you can see five rivers Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej originating from Himalayas in North-East and flowing towards South-West. where they combine to form Panjnad and finally descending into River Indus.
From North, East and West Punjab is surrounded by mountains. Sulaiman Mountains separates Punjab from Baluchistan and Safed Koh mountains lie toward the North-west. Himalayas covers the North-Eastern frontiers of Punjab and Great Indian Desert lies towards the South.
In the North-West corner of Punjab there is a plateau called Pothohar Plateau and hill range named Salt Range.

Here's an image that describes the different dialects of Punjabi spoken across undivided Punjab. Notice how the Majha belt comprising of Lahore and Amritsar is the biggest region and the heart of greater Punjab.


Homo sapiens

How humans came to Punjab Region:

Some 3 million years back as a retreat of West African Monsoons, lakes and rivers in northern Africa started drying up in northern Africa. As a result cows, goats, deer, elephants, horses, hippoptamus, rhinoceros, pigs started migrating from this region. Along with these animals humans also started moving and settled in far wide regions. Some 500,000 years back band of humans started arriving in Punjab region.
These humans were not like us, they were of diffrent species, called Homo erectus. They made their tools from stones, wood and bones, use fire and wear animal skins during colder conditions.


Homo erectus

Most of the stone tools were found along watercourses especially River Soan and River Beas.



200,000 years old stone tools found in village Adiala and Khasala in district Rawalpindi.


From the study of tools archaeologists believe that modern humans (homo sapiens) arrived in Punjab region some 30,000 years back. With the passage of time the tool making techniques keep on advancing. humans started using tiny stone tools with handles of wood and bone.


Homo sapiens

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Beginning of Agriculture:
Some 10,000 years back some nomadic people from Iranian Plateau via Afghanistan and Baluchistan arrived in Punjab. Instead of hunting and gathering these people keep herds of sheeps, goats and cattle with elimentary agriculture. Some small communities came up along the watercourses. Agriculture began with wheat and millet, then they started cultivating vegetables and fruits also. Agriculture was dependant on annual fllods, plough and wells were also used in farming. As compare to Punjab region agriculture in rest of India started thousands of years later.
With passage of time some villages grew into cities. Some 4500 years back there were 4 main urban centers in punajb region. First near Ropar, second Ganeriwala in Distt Bahawalpur, third Rakhigarhi Distt Hissar and Harappa Distt Sahiwal.

Harappa:
Harappa was a fortified city situated on the old watercourse of River Ravi. This city was 4500 years old, and some 25,000 people were living here.
Some pics of Harappa:


Ancient ruins in Harappa

Ancient items from Harappa:


 terra-cota human figurines


 terra-cota figurine of tiger


terra-cota figurine of cart, cart was major source of transportation in tose days

Copper: Copper was only used to make ornaments. swords or other weapons are not found here.
Copper bangles found in Harappa:


Seal Cutting: These people showed high mastery in seal cutting. seals were used as amulets. they were worn around necks.

Some seals found in Harappa:


Rakhigarhi: Ancient ruins in Rakhigarhi have shown that there was a city as large as Harappa. It was discovered in 1997.


Some items in the house of Wazir Chand Saroha, native of Rakhigarhi. All these items are 4500 to 4000 years old

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Language and Script: As per most of the modern scholars, the language of these people was similar to Brahui, a language spoken in Baluchistan. However we are not abe to find any administrative or commercial records of these people, may be because they were written on some perishable material, and whatever little bit is wriiten on seals, modern scholars are unable to understand that.

Decline: Some 4000 years back, the decline of the cities in Punjab region began, and some 3500 years ago they converted into mounds. According to scholars there was an earthquake that chaged the course of rivers in Punjab. As agriculture was dependent on rivers, so with the end of agriculture cities also ended.

Aryans: Nomadic herder tribes that used to inhabit Central Asia are named as Indo-European by the modern scholars. Some 4000 years back these people reached upto northern Iran, and mingled with people there. Out of these herder tribes some reached Punjab via Afghanistan and Baluchistan, these herders are named as Aryan. After reaching Punjab they mingled with the indigenous people of Punjab.

Bharat Ek Khoj - Episode 3 - Vedic people and the Rigved 1

Vedas: The hymns that Aryan people sang in praise of their gods are called Vedas. Out of these Rig Veda is the most important. The oldest hymns in Rig Veda are some 3500 years old, and final composition of Rig Veda was done some 3000 years back. Rig Vedic Aryans were semi-nomadic and pastoral, they used to live in wattle and daub houses, horses were used for transportation. Bow and arrow were the main weapon. The tip of arrow was used to be made up of Iron.

Sapta Sindhu (Seven Seas): Sapta Sindhu is a Sanskrit word that means seven rivers. They seven rivers were mentioned many times in Rig Veda. May be the saying "accross the seven rivers" is derived from this term. Actually ancient people used the same word "sindhu" for river and sea. The Vedic and modern names of these rivers are as below

Vedic name = Modern name
Sindhu = Indus
Vitasta = Jehlum
Aksini = Chenab
Parushni = Ravi
Vipasha = Beas
Shutudri = Sutlej
Drashadvati = Ghaggar
Apart from these Soan river is mentioned as Sushoma, Jamuna as Yamuna and two tributaries og Ghaggar Apaya and Sarasvati are also mentioned. Himalaya is mentioned as Himavanta.




Battle of Ten Kings: In the seventh Mandala of Rig Veda there is mention of this battle. This battle was fought between two Aryan tribes Purus and Bharatas on the banks of River Ravi. Some scholars consider this as a historical event, but there is no information regading the chronology og this event. King Sudasa of Bharatas was the winner in this battle. Puru tribe was supported by 4 other tribes. Out of which Druhyus, Anus and Turvashas were from north-western Punjab and Yadus were from south-western Punjab. After this battle Ravi was established as political frontier between Bharatas and Purus. Purus used to inhabit between Ravi and Jehlum and Bharatas used to inhabit between Ravi and Yamuna.


Cultural Developement: Aryans entered India through Punjab and then slowly they spread to far wide regions in India. Because of their martial nature they absorbed the indigenous tribes into them. Slowly scale of agricultural operations increased and many cities rose up plains from Jehlum to Bihar. This region was named as Madhya Desh, and Sarasvati-Kurukshetra region, the cradle of Aryan Civilization was named as Brahmarishi Desh. Whole society was divide into 4 classes: Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. Slowly Brahman class started dominating the religion. Sanskrit emerged as lingua-franca in this region and Brahmanical standards established in this region became pan-Indian cultural ideals.

Expansion of Vedas: With the passage of time Vedas were expanded as Brahmanas and Aranyakas were written to expalin rituals. Apart from this Upanishadas were written on philosophy. Theories like Brahma, atma, karma, samsara and moksha were discussed in them.



Cosmology and Geography: There are many theories of Universe and Geography mantioned in Vedas and Upanishadas. Universe is said to be made from a golden egg called "Hiranyagarbha", that later divided into two parts: Swarga and Prithvi. Prithvi was said to be made up of four continents, with Mountain Meru in the centre and surrounded by Samudra and Lokaloka Mountains.

...
In December 1969, during the course of digging the foundations of a building in the shopping area of Sector 17-C at Chandigarh, the remains of Harappan cemetery were brought to light. These remains were found to be overlain by a 1.5m thick deposit of alluvium, thus forbidding any surface observation. On the basis of the position of the cemetery vis-a-vis the settlement area at other Harappan sites, especially at Harappa, Ropar and Kalibangan, a rough idea of the direction to which the settlement would lie could thus be determined. In the following year, another building activity in the anticipated area - this time for the construction of an underground parking space - brought forth evidence of the remains of a settlement. A small-scale excavation was, therefore, organized by the Survey in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Punjab. The survey was represented by Sarvashri N.C. Ghosh, J.S. Nigam, B.M. Pande and R.K. Pant, and the Department of Archaeology, Government of Punjab, by Shri S.S. Talwar.

Seven trenches, each measuring 4.25x4.25m were laid to the north-east of the cemetery area with the following objectives : (i) to obtain cultural sequence of the site; (ii) to determine the extent of the habitation; and (iii) to ascertain the specific phase of the Harappa culture to which the settlement belongs.

The excavation indicated that the settlement lay about 100m to the east-north-east of the cemetery. The excavated sections showed that below a 1.5m thick deposit of clean silt was a strata, nearly 1.5m thick, which yielded pottery and other objects. Underlying the latter was loamy deposit and natural clay.

The pottery recovered from these trenches presents a mixed assemblage. While on the one hand there are unmistakable Harappan shapes as the dish-on-stand, cup-on-stand, pointed goblet, button-base goblet, dish, beaker, lid, basin, trough, storage jar and ring-stand, including a funnel-shaped vessel, bearing an inscription in Harappan characters, as also the typical designs like the pipal leaf and tree motif in combination with geometrical patterns, on the other are also present shapes and designs which show both pre-Harappan Kalibangan and Bara tradition especially in incised decoration. These comprised a group of horizontal lines, multiple horizontal wavy lines, triangles, ladder patterns, etc. Painted designs included combinations of bi-pinnates, arched pendant triangles, rosettes, fish, etc.. One of the shapes of the dish-on-stand recalls the corresponding form at Cemetery H with a deep red slip, painted in black pigment. Apart from the inscribed sherd mentioned above, two more sherds bearing typical Harappan script were obtained, one of which was a rim fragment. Other finds obtained from the excavation include: (i) terracotta objects like bull figurines, beads, bangles, often painted in black, toy-cart frames, wheels, spindle-whorls, dabbers, balls, etc. (ii) faience and copper bangles; (iii) beads of paste and agate; and (iv) stone querns, pestle and sling balls.

Source: Indian Archaeology 1970-71 - A Review, Archaeological Survey of India, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1974

During the course of digging the foundation of a building by the contractors of the Punjab State Industrial Development Corporation in Sector 17-C, which is in the heart of the city, a few Harappan potsherds were picked up. Keeping in view their archaeological importance a trial trench measuring 2.50x2.50m was taken up under the direction of D.P. Rai, assisted by J.M. Thapar, Jasmer Singh and Vinod Kumar of the Chandigarh Circle of the Survey to ascertain the cultural deposit of the site. The total cultural deposit was 1.15m. The site revealed single culture i.e. Harappan occupation. On the basis of pottery it was further divided into two sub-periods as Period IA and Period IB.

In Period IA, 1m thick deposit of the Harappan Culture was noticed. The pottery types were jars, dish-on-stand and button based goblet. Most of the sherds of this sub period were badly weathered due to water logging. Besides these, few pieces of storage jars, vases and bowls were also found. Except for the evidence of two hearths and lumps of burnt clay no other structures were encountered. Among the antiquities mention may be made of a solitary bead of faience, terracotta objects like broken bull hopscotch, stone ball and quern.

The Period IB was marked by 0.15m deposit. It was badly disturbed. It was marked by Bara pottery which included mainly incised designs such as parallel lines, horizontal lines, vertical lines, nail marks, notched and incised mat design. Neither structural activities nor other antiquities were found from this level.

Source: Indian Archaeology 1985-86 - A Review, Archaeological Survey of India, Govt. of India, New Delhi, 1990


Human Skelton Excavated In Chandigarh (Remains of a Harappan Cemetery), c 2500 B.C.


Bangles, c 2500 B.C


Objects of stone, c 2500 B.C.



Dadheri near Mandi Gobindgarh (koi 4000 toh 2500 saal purane remains)
Ghuram, Distt Patiala (koi 3000 toh 2500 saal purane)
Kathpalon and Nagar near Phillaur (koi 4000 toh 2500 saal purane)
Nagiari near Kharar (koi 3000 toh 1500 saal purane)
Rohira near Maler Kotla (koi 4500 toh 3500 saal purane)
Chandigarh sec 17 (koi 4500 toh 3500 saal purane)
Salaura near Ropar (koi 3000 toh 2500 saal purane)
Dher Majra near Ropar (koi 4000 toh 3500 saal purane)
Ropar near Govt College (koi 4500 toh 4000 saal purane)
Kotla Nihang Khan near Ropar (koi 4500 toh 3500 saal purane)
Bara near Ropar (koi 4000 toh 3500 saal purane)
Sanghol near Khamano (koi 4000 toh 1500 saal purane)



ਰਾਮਾਇਣ / Ramayana

इदम् पवित्रम् पापघ्नम् पुण्यम् वेदैः च संमितम् ।
ਇਹ ਰਾਮਾਇਣ ਪਵਿੱਤਰ, ਪਾਪ ਮਿਟਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ, ਪੁੰਨ ਦੇਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਵੇਦਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਿਖਿਆ ਦੇ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ ਹੈ ।
यः पठेत् राम चरितम् सर्व पापैः प्रमुच्यते।
ਜੋ ਵੀ ਰਾਮ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਗਾਥਾ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਹਨ, ਉਹ ਸਾਰੇ ਪਾਪਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਚਮੁਚ ਮੁਕਤ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।
एतत् आख्यानम् आयुष्यम् पठन् रामायणम् नरः।
ਕੋਈ ਨਰ ਜੋ ਇਹ ਜੀਵਨ ਵਧਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਸੱਚੀ ਕਥਾ ਰਾਮਾਇਣ ਦਾ ਪਾਠ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ।
स पुत्र पौत्रः स गणः प्रेत्य स्वर्गे महीयते।
ਉਸਨੂੰ ਪੁੱਤਰ, ਪੋਤਰਿਆਂ ਤੇ ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇਦਾਰਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਸਵਰਗ ਵਿਚ ਇੱਜ਼ਤ ਮਿਲੇਗੀ ।
पठन् द्विजो वाक् ऋषभत्वम् ईयात् । स्यात् क्षत्रियो भूमि पतित्वम् ईयात् ॥
वणिक् जनः पण्य फलत्वम् ईयात् । जनः च शूद्रो अपि महत्त्वम् ईयात् ॥
ਜੇ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਇਹ ਰਾਮਾਇਣ ਪੜੇਗਾ ਤਾਂ ਉਸਦਾ ਬੋਲਚਾਲ ਬਹੁਤ ਖੂਬ ਹੋ ਜਾਏਗਾ । ਜੇ ਖੱਤਰੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੇਗਾ ਤਾਂ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਧਰਤੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਸਰਦਾਰੀ ਮਿਲੇਗੀ ॥
ਜੇ ਵੈਸ਼ ਪੜ੍ਹੇਗਾ ਤਾਂ ਉਸਦੀ ਦੌਲਤ ਵਿਚ ਵਾਧਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ । ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ੂਦਰ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਫਾਇਦਾ ਮਿਲੇਗਾ ॥
　
ਇਤਿਹਾਸਿਕ ਪਿਛੋਕੜ:
ਕੋਈ 2500-2600 ਸਾਲ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਕੋਸ਼ਲ ਦਾ ਇਲਾਕਾ ਮੱਧ ਦੇਸ਼ ਇਕ ਅਹਿਮ ਖੇਤਰ ਵੱਜੋਂ ਉਭਰਿਆ. ਇਸ ਉੱਪਰ ਸੂਰਜਵੰਸ਼ੀ ਰਾਜਾ ਰਾਜ ਕਰਦੇ ਸਨ. ਉਹਨਾ ਵਿਕ ਸਭ ਤੋ ਮਸ਼ਹੂਰ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਸਨ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾ ਦੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਰਾਮਾਇਣ ਵਿਚ ਹੈ. ਇਸ ਦੇ ਲੇਖਣ ਦਾ ਸੰਬੰਧ ਬਾਲਮੀਕ ਜੀ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ. ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾ ਨੇ ਇਸ ਲੋਕ-ਕਿੱਸੇ ਨੂੰ ਕਵਿਤਾ-ਬੱਧ ਕੀਤਾ, ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਦੂਸਰੀ ਸਦੀ ਈਸਾ ਪੂਰਵ ਵਿਚ. ਬਹੁਤ ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਂ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ ਮੂਲ ਰੂਪ ਵਿਚ ਲੰਕਾ ਅਜੋਕੇ ਮੱਧ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ ਵਿਚ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿਚ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਲੰਕਾ ਦਾ ਟਾਪੂ ਠਹਿਰਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ.

Historical background:
Some 2500-2600 years back Kosala emerged as important region of Madhya Desha under Suryavanshi Kings. Ayodhya was the capital of Kosala. The most outstanding of these was Rama, whose story is mentioned in Ramayana. It is ascribed to the Hindu sage Valmiki, who versifed traditional account, probably in 2nd century BC. According to many modern scholars location of Lanka was originally in modern Madhya Pradesh across the Vindhya Hills, that was later assigned to Island of Sri Lanka.

ਰਾਮਾਇਣ ਦੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ:
ਅਯੋਧਿਆ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਦਸ਼ਰਥ ਦੇ ਚਾਰ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਸਨ: ਰਾਮ, ਲਛਮਣ, ਭਰਤ ਤੇ ਸ਼ਤਰੂ ਘਨ. ਇਕ ਗੁਆਂਢੀ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਦੀ ਧੀ ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਸੀ ਸੀਤਾ. ਜਦੋਂ ਸੀਤਾ ਦੇ ਵਾਰ ਚੁਣਨ ਦਾ ਵੇਲਾ ਆਇਆ ਤਾਂ ਸੁਅਮ ਵਰ ਦੀ ਰਸਮ ਹੋਈ. ਰਾਜਕੁਮਾਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਮਾਨ ਦੀ ਡੋਰੀ ਚੜ੍ਹਾ ਉਣ ਲਈ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ. ਕੋਈ ਹੋਰ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਚੁੱਕ ਵੀ ਨਾ ਸਕਿਆ, ਪਰ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਮੋੜ ਕੇ ਨਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਡੋਰੀ ਪਾਈ ਬਲਕਿ ਉਸਨੂੰ ਦੋ ਹਿੱਸਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਤੋੜ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਅਤੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਵਰਮਾਲਾ ਪਾ ਕੇ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣਾ ਵਰ ਚੁਣ ਲਿਆ.
ਰਾਜਾ ਦਸ਼ਰਥ ਨੇ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜ-ਸਿੰਘਾਸਣ ਦੇਣ ਦਾ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਕੀਤਾ. ਪਰ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਮਤਰੇਈ ਮਾਨ ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਖੁਸ਼ ਨਾ ਹੋਈ. ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਭਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣਾਉਣਾ ਚਾਹੁੰਦੀ ਸੀ. ਇਕ ਵਚਨ ਜੋ ਰਾਜਾ ਦਸ਼ਰਥ ਨੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਦੇਰ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਉਸ ਨਾਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ, ਦੇ ਬਦਲੇ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਦਸ਼ਰਥ ਨੂ ਰਾਮ ਨੂੰ ੧੪ ਸਾਲ ਦਾ ਬਨਵਾਸ ਤੇ ਭਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜ ਗੱਦੀ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਮਨਾ ਲਿਆ.
ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਹੁਕਮ ਮੰਨ ਕੇ ਰਾਜ ਗੱਦੀ ਦੀ ਬਜਾਏ ਬਨਵਾਸ ਤੇ ਜਾਣ ਲਈ ਰਾਜ਼ੀ ਹੋ ਗਏ. ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਛਮਣ ਜੀ ਵੀ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਣ ਲਈ ਤਿਆਰ ਹੋ ਗਏ
ਜਦ ਭਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਸਾਰੀ ਗੱਲ ਦਾ ਪਤਾ ਲੱਗਾ ਤਾਂ ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਦੁਖੀ ਹੋਇਆ, ਉਸ ਨੇ ਇਕ ਪਾਲ ਵੀ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਉਸੂਲ ਤੋੜ ਕੇ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਤਾਂ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਨਣ ਬਾਰੇ ਨਾ ਸੋਚਿਆ. ਉਹ ਜੰਗਲ ਗਿਆ ਤੇ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣ ਕੇ ਵਾਪਸ ਆ ਉਣ ਲਈ ਗੁਜ਼ਾਰਿਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ. ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਮਨ੍ਹਾ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਤੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਸਾਡੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਦਾ ਕਹਿਣਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ. ਉਹ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਖੜਾਵਾਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਵਾਪਸ ਅਯੋਧਿਆ ਚਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ, ਤੇ ਕਿਹਾ ਮੈਂ ਇਹਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜ ਗੱਦੀ ਉੱਪਰ ਰਖ ਦੇਵਾਂਗਾ.
ਰਾਮ, ਸੀਤਾ ਤੇ ਲਛਮਣ ਦੇ ਕਾਏ ਸਾਲ ਜੰਗਲ ਵਿਚ ਖੁਸ਼ੀ ਨਾਲ ਨਿੱਕਲ ਗਏ. ਜੋ ਰਾਖਸ਼ਸ ਰਿਸ਼ੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸਾਧਨਾ ਭੰਗ ਕਰਦੇ, ਰਾਮ ਤੇ ਲਛਮਣ ਉਹਨਾ ਦਾ ਨਾਸ਼ ਕਰ ਦਿੰਦੇ. ਇਕ ਵਾਰ ਇਕ ਰਾਖਸ਼ਸੀ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬਹਿਕਾ ਉਣ ਲਈ ਆਈ, ਲਛਮਣ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਜ਼ਖਮੀ ਕਰ ਕੇ ਭਜਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਉਹ ਅਪਣੇ ਭਾਈ, ਲੰਕਾ ਦੇ ਰਾਜ ਰਾਵਣ ਕੋਲ ਗਈ, ਤੇ ਅਪਣੇ ਭਾਈ ਨੂੰ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਖੂਬਸੂਰਤੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ
ਰਾਵਣ ਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਅਗਵਾਹ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਯੋਜਨਾ ਬਣਾਈ. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਇਕ ਸੋਨੇ ਦਾ ਹਿਰਣ ਭੇਜਿਆ ਜੋ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਪਸੰਦ ਆਇਆ. ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਛਮਣ ਜੀ ਉਸ ਹਿਰਣ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਗਏ, ਪਰ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਦੇ ਗਿਰਦ ਇਕ ਚੱਕਰ ਬਣਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਅਤੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਚਿਤਾਵਨੀ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਕਿ ਜਿੰਨ੍ਹੀ ਦੇ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਚੱਕਰ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਕਦਮ ਬਾਹਰ ਨਹੀ ਰਖਣਗੇ ਉਹ ਮਹਿ ਫੂਜ਼ ਰਹਿਣਗੇ. ਜਦੋਂ ਉਹ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਕਰਨ ਗਏ ਤਾਂ ਰਾਵਣ ਇਕ ਸਾਧੂ ਦਾ ਭੇਸ ਬਣਾ ਕੇ ਭੀਖ ਮੰਗਣ ਆਇਆ. ਜਿਸ ਪਾਲ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਖਾਣਾ ਦੇਣ ਲਈ ਉਸ ਚੱਕਰ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਕਦਮ ਰਖਿਆ, ਰਾਵਣ ਧੱਕੇ ਨਾਲ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਚੁੱਕ ਕੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਰਾਜ ਲੰਕਾ ਵਿਚ ਲੈ ਗਿਆ.
ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਜਦੋਂ ਦੁਖੀ ਦਿਲ ਨਾਲ ਖਾਲੀ ਹਥ ਆਪਣੀ ਕੁਟੀਆ ਵਿਚ ਆਏ ਤਾਂ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਓਥੇ ਨਾ ਮਿਲੇ. ਬਾਂਦਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਇਕ ਝੁੰਡ ਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੱਭਣ ਵਿਚ ਮਦਦ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਪੇਸ਼ਕਸ਼ ਕੀਤੀ. ਰਾਵਣ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਲੰਕਾ ਆਪਣੇ ਮਹਿਲ ਵਿਚ ਚਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ. ਉਸਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਇਕ ਮਹਿਲ ਵਿਚ ਰਖਿਆ ਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਲ ਵਿਆਹ ਕਰਾ ਉਣ ਲਈ ਬਹੁਤ ਲਾਲਚ ਅਤੇ ਡਰਾਵੇ ਦਿਤੇ. ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਉਸ ਵੱਲ ਦੇਖਿਆ ਵੀ ਨਹੀ ਬਲਕਿ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਤੀ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੀ ਸੋਚਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ. ਹਨੁਮਾਨ ਜੀ, ਜੋ ਬਾਂਦਰਾਂ ਦੇ ਝੁੰਡ ਦੇ ਮੁਖੀ ਸਨ, ਉੱਡ ਕੇ ਲੰਕਾ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਗ ਵਿਚ ਲੱਭ ਲਿਆ. ਉਹਨਾ ਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਿਲਾਸਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਕਿ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਜਲਦ ਹੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਬਚਾ ਲੈਣਗੇ.
ਰਾਵਣ ਦੇ ਸੈਨਿਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਹਨੁਮਾਨ ਜੀ ਗਿਰਫਤਾਰ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ, ਤੇ ਰਾਵਣ ਨੇ ਹੁਕਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਕਿ ਕਪੜੇ ਨਾਲ ਬੰਨ ਕੇ ਹਨੁਮਾਨ ਜੀ ਦੀ ਪੂੰਛ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਗ ਲਗਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ. ਜਲਦੀ ਪੂੰਛ ਨਾਲ ਹਨੁਮਾਨ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਘਰਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਛੱਤਾਂ ਤੇ ਟੱਪ ਟੱਪ ਕੇ ਸਾਰੀ ਲੰਕਾ ਨੂੰ ਅੱਗ ਲਗਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ. ਫਿਰ ਵਾਪਸ ਉੱਡ ਕੇ ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਕੋਲ ਚਲੇ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਉਹਨਾ ਨੂੰ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਕਿ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਕੀਤੇ ਹਨ.
ਰਾਮ ਲਛਮਣ ਤੇ ਬਾਂਦਰ ਸੈਨਾ ਨੇ ਲੰਕਾ ਤਕ ਇਕ ਪੁਲ ਬਣਾਇਆ, ਤੇ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਪਾਰ ਕਰਕੇ ਲੈਂਕ ਪਹੁੰਚੇ. ਇਕ ਵੱਡਾ ਜੁਧ ਹੋਇਆ. ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਰਾਵਣ ਦੇ ਭਾਈਆਂ, ਪੁੱਤਰਾਂ ਤੇ ਅਖੀਰ ਰਾਵਣ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਮਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ.
ਰਾਮ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੂੰ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਕਰਵਾਇਆ. ਸੀਤਾ ਜੀ ਨੇ ਅਗਨੀ-ਪਰੀਖਿਆ ਦਿੱਤੀ, ਤੇ ਫੇਰ ਅਯੋਧਿਆ ਵਾਪਸ ਚਲੇ ਗਏ ਤੇ ਰਾਮ ਅਯੋਧਿਆ ਦੇ ਰਾਜਾ ਬਣੇ.

NDTV de Serial Ramayana vich Gurmeet Choudhary Bhagwan Ram de role vich, Debina Bonnerjee Sita ji de role vich, Ankit Arora Lakshman de role vich te Vikram Sharma Bhagwan Hanuman de role vich.


Akhilendra Mishra Ravan de role vich


Story of Ramayana:
Dasharath, King of Ayodhya, had four sons. Ram, Lakshman, Bharata and Shatrughna.Neighboring city's King had a daughter named Sita. When it was time for Sita to choose her bridegroom, at a ceremony called a swayamvara, the princes were asked to string a giant bow. No one else can even lift the bow, but as Ram bent it, he not only strung it but broke it in two parts. Sita chose Ram as her husband by putting a garland around his neck.
King Dasharath decided to give his throne to his eldest son Ram, however Ram's step-mother was not pleased. She wants her son, Bharat, to rule. Because of an oath Dasharath had made to her years before, she got the king to agree to exile Ram for fourteen years and to crown Bharat.
Ram, always obedient, was as content to go into exile in the forest as to be crowned king. Sita convinced Ram that she belongs at his side and his brother Lakshman also begged to accompany them. Ram, Sita and Lakshman set out for the forest.
Bharat is very upset when he found out what has happened. Not for a moment did he consider breaking the rules of dharma and becoming king in Ram's place. He goes to forest and begged Ram to return and rule, but Rama refused and said, "We must obey father,". Bharata then took Ram's sandals saying, "I will put these on the throne", he took the sandals and returned to Aydohya.
Years passed and Ram, Sita and Lakshman are very happy in the forest. Ram and Lakshman destroy the rakshasas who disturb the sages in their meditations. One day a rakshasa princess tried to seduce Ram, and Lakshman wounded her and drove her away. She retured to her brother Ravan, the ten-headed ruler of Lanka, and told her brother about lovely Sita.
Ravan devised a plan to abduct Sita. He sent a magical golden deer which Sita desired. Ram and Lakshman went off to hunt the deer, first drawing a protective circle around Sita and warning her she will be safe as long as she does not step outside the circle. As they went off, Ravan appears as a holy man begging alms. The moment Sita stepped outside the circle to gave him food, Ravana grabbed her and carried her off the his kingdom in Lanka.
Ram was broken-hearted when he returned to the empty hut and could not find Sita. A band of monkeys offered to help him find Sita. Ravan had carried Sita to his palace in Lanka,he put her in a garden and alternately sweet-talked her and threatened her in an attempt to get her to agree to marry him. Sita would not even look at him but was thinking only of her beloved Ram. Hanuman, the general of the monkey band flied to Lanka and, found Sita in the garden, comforted her and told her that Ram will soon come and save her.
Ravan's men captured Hanuman, and Ravan ordered them to wrap Hanuman's tail in cloth and to set it on fire. With his tail burning, Hanuman hopped from house-top to house-top, setting Lanka afire. He then flied back to Ram to told him where Sita is.
Ram, Lakshman and the monkey army built a bridge to Lanka and crossed over to Lanka. A mighty battle ensued. Ram kills of Ravan's brothers, sons and finally Ravan.
Rama freed Sita. After Sita proved here purity, they returned to Ayodhya and Rama became king.

...
ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ / Mahabharata

ਇਤਿਹਾਸਿਕ ਪਿਛੋਕੜ:
ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਲੰਬੀ ਗਾਥਾ ਹੈ. ਇਸ ਦੀ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਤਰੀਕ ਤਕਰੀਬਨ ਨੌਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਈਸਾ ਪੂਰਵ ਹੈ, ਅਤੇ ਆਖਰੀ ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਕੋਈ ਪੰਜਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਦੇ ਆਸ-ਪਾਸ ਹੋਇਆ. 24,000 ਸ਼ਲੋਕਾਂ ਵਾਲੀ ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ ਦਾ ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਕੋਈ ਦੂਸਰੀ ਸਦੀ ਈਸਾ ਪੂਰਵ ਦੇ ਆਸ-ਪਾਸ ਹੋਇਆ, ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿਚ ਵਧਾ ਕੇ 100,000 ਸ਼ਲੋਕਾਂ ਵਾਲੀ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਗਿਆ.

Historical background:
Mahabharata is the world's longest epic poem. Beginning date of the Mahabharata story is taken about 9th century BC, and date of final redaction of text is established to be about the beginning of the 5th century AD. A Mahabharata of 24,000 couplets was probably redacted in 2nd century BC and subsequently enlarged to 100,000 couplets.

ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ:

ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ, ਹਸਤਿਨਾਪੁਰ ਦੀ ਰਾਜ ਗੱਦੀ ਪਿੱਛੇ ਇਕ ਪਰਿਵਾਰ ਦੀਆਂ ਦੋ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ, ਕੌਰਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੋਈ ਖਾਨਦਾਨੀ ਲੜਾਈ ਦੀ ਕਹਾਣੀ ਹੈ. ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ ਵਿਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਰੋਚਕ ਕਿਰਦਾਰ ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ਜੀ ਦਾ ਹੈ. ਇਹ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਦੋਸਤ ਅਤੇ ਸਲਾਹ ਕਾਰ ਸਨ, ਅਤੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਜੰਗ ਵਿਚ ਇਹਨਾ ਨੇ ਅਰਜਨ ਦਾ ਰੱਥ ਵੀ ਚਲਾਇਆ.

ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ (ਕੌਰਵ) ਬਚਪਨ ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਵੈਰ ਰਖਦਾ ਸੀ. ਉਸਨੇ ਇਹ ਵੈਰ ਜੂਏ ਦੀ ਖੇਡ ਵਿਚ ਦਿਖਾਇਆ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿਚ ਉਸਨੇ ਵੱਡੇ ਪਾਂਡਵ ਯੁਧਿਸ਼ਠਿਰ ਨੂੰ ਹਰਾ ਕੇ, ਉਸਦੇ ਭਾਈ, ਉਹ ਖੁਦ ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾ ਦੀ ਸਾਂਝੀ ਪਤਨੀ ਦ੍ਰੌਪਦੀ ਵੀ ਜਿੱਤ ਲਈ. ਉਸ ਨੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਨੀਵਾਂ ਦਿਖਾਇਆ ਅਤੇ ਦ੍ਰੌਪਦੀ ਨਾਲ ਵੀ ਦੁਰਵਿਹਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ. ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਉਸ ਨੇ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਾਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਾਲ ਲਈ ਬਨਵਾਸ ਅਤੇ ਇਕ ਸਾਲ ਲਈ ਅਗਿਆਟਵਾਸ ਉੱਪਰ ਭੇਜ ਦਿੱਤਾ.

ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਨੇ ਰਾਜ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਹਰ ਰਹਿ ਕੇ ਅਪਣਾ ਸਮਝੌਤਾ ਨਿਭਾਇਆ, ਪਰ ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ ਨੇ ਤੇਰਾਂ ਸਾਲ ਬੀਤਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਵੀ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਹਨਾ ਦਾ ਬਣਦਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ, ਅੱਧਾ ਰਾਜ ਦੇਣ ਤੋਂ ਮਨ੍ਹਾ ਕਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ. ਫਿਰ ਦੋਨਾਂ ਧਿਰਾਂ ਨੇ ਅਪਣੇ ਅਪਣੇ ਹਿਮਾਇਅਤੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੁਲਾਇਆ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਰੂਕਸ਼ੇਤਰ ਦੇ ਮੈਦਾਨ ਵਿਚ ਦੋ ਵੱਡੀਆਂ ਫੌਜਾਂ ਇਕੱਠੀਆਂ ਹੋ ਗਈਆਂ.

ਦੁਰਯੋਧਨ ਦੀ ਫੌਜ ਦੇ ਗਿਆਰਾਂ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਸਨ ਤੇ ਯੁਧਿਸ਼ਠਿਰ ਦੀ ਫੌਜ ਦੇ ਸੱਤ. ਮਹਾਭਾਰਤ ਦੀ ਜੰਗ ਵਿਚ ਲੜਾਈ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ-ਨਾਲ ਵਖ ਵਖ ਧਿਰਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਚਰਚਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ-ਵਟਾਂਦਰਾ ਵੀ ਚਲਦਾ ਰਿਹਾ. ਇਹਨਾ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਮਸ਼ਹੂਰ ਵਾਰਤਾਲਾਪ ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ ਜੀ ਦਾ ਅਪਣੇ ਭਗਤ ਅਰਜਨ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਣ ਅਤੇ ਦਿਖਾਇਆ ਈਸ਼ਵਰਤਾ ਦਾ ਮੁਜ਼ਾਹਰਾ ਹੈ. ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਭਗਵਦ ਗੀਤਾ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ. ਆਖਰ ਅਠਾਰਾਂ ਦਿਨ ਚੱਲੇ ਇਸ ਜੰਗ ਵਿਚ ਪਾਂਡਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਿੱਤ ਹੋਈ.

Story of Mahabharata:

Mahabharata is a story of dynastic struggle for the throne of Hastinapur, between two branches of family Kauravas and Pandavas. The most dramatic figure of the entire Mahabharata is Sri Krishna, he was a friend and advisor to the Pandavas, and served as Arjuna's charioteer in the great war.

The Duryodhana(Kaurava) behaved viciously toward the Pandavas in many ways, from the time of their early childhood. His malice displayed itself when they took advantage of the eldest Pandava, Yudhishthira in a game of dice: The Duryodhana won all his brothers, himself, and even the Pandavas' common wife Draupadi. He humiliated all the Pandavas and physically abused Draupadi; he drove the Pandava party into the wilderness for twelve years, and the twelve years of exile had to be followed by the Pandavas' living somewhere in society, in disguise, without being discovered.

The Pandavas fulfilled their part of that bargain by living out side the kingdom, but Duryodhana was unwilling to restore the Pandavas to their half of the kingdom when the thirteen years had expired. Both sides then called upon their many allies and two large armies arrayed themselves on Kurukshetra. Eleven divisions in the army of Duryodhana against seven divisions for Yudhishthira. Much of the action in the Mahabharata War is accompanied by discussion and debate among various interested parties, and the most famous dialog of all time, Krishna's ethical lecture and demonstration of his divinity to his devotee and friend Arjuna - Bhagavad Gita. The Pandavas won the eighteen day battle.

Stills from TV Series Mahabharata:



Nitish Bharadwaj as Sri Krishna

Gajendra Chauhan as Yudhishthira


Puneet Issar as Duryodhana

Roopa Ganguly as Draupadi


Punjab history timeline

* 2600–1900 BCE: Harappa Culture (in modern-day Pakistan)
* 1500–1000 BCE: Rigvedic Aryan Civilization
* 599 BCE: Jainism
* 567–487 or c. 400 BCE: Buddha
* 550–600 BCE: Buddhism remained prevalent
* 550–515 BCE: Persian Invasion to west of Indus River
* 326 BCE: Alexander's Invasion
* 322–298 BCE: Chandra Gupta Maurya Period
* 273–232 BCE: Ashoka's Period
* 125–160 BCE: Rise of the Sakas (Scythians, known as the ancestors of Rajputs)
* 2 BCE: Beginning of Rule of the Sakas
* 45–180 CE: Rule of the Kushanas
* 320–550: Gupta Empire
* 500: Hunnic Invasion
* 510–650: Vardhana Era
* 647–1192: Rajput Period
* 711–713: Muhammad bin Qasim conquer Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus River (modern day Pakistan) for the Umayyad Caliphate.
* 713–1300: Muslim empires (Turks and Afghans) invade. Islam is being accepted by the people. Muslims and Hindus lives along each other.
* 1206–1290: Mamluk dynasty establishes by Mohammad Ghori
* 1290–1320: Khilji dynasty establishes by Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
* 1320–1413: Tughlaq dynasty established by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
* 1414–1451: Sayyid dynasty established by Khizr Khan
* 1451–1526: Lodhi dynasty establishes by Bahlul Khan Lodhi
* 1526–1707: Mughal rule
* 1526–1530: Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur
* 1530–1540: Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun
* 1540–1545: Sher Shah Suri
* 1545–1554: Islam Shah Suri
* 1555–1555: Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun
* 1556–1556: Hem Chandra Vikramaditya
* 1556–1605: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar
* 1605–1627: Nooruddin Muhammad Jahangir
* 1627–1658: Shahaabuddin Muhammad Shah Jahan
* 1658–1707: Mohiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir
* 1707: The rule by the Mughal empire is weakened
* 1469–1539: Guru Nanak Dev (1st Guru) from the Sikh religion
* 1539–1675: Period of 8 Sikh Gurus from Guru Angad Dev to Guru Tegh Bahadur
* 1675–1708: Guru Gobind Singh (10th Sikh Guru)
* 1708–1715: Conquests of Banda Bahadur
* 1716–1759: The Sikhs minority battles against Moghul Governors
* 1739: Invasion of Nadir Shah from Persia
* 1748–1769: Ahmed Shah Abdali's (Durrani) nine invasions. The Sikhs and the Durrani empire in close competition for gaining control of the region
* 1761 : The Third Battle of Panipat, between the Durrani Empire against the Maratha Empire
* 1762: The 2nd Sikh holocaust, referred to as "Ghalughara" by Sikhs, from Ahmed Shah's 6th invasion
* 1764–1799: Rule by the Sikh Misls
* 1799–1839: Rule over Punjab by the minority community of Sikhs, led by Maharaja Ranjit Singh
o Maharaja Ranjit Singh (born 1780, crowned April 12, 1801, died 1839)
o Kharak Singh (1801–1840), Eldest son of Ranjit Singh.
o Nau Nihal Singh (1821–1840), Grandson of Ranjit Singh.
o Sher Singh (1807–1843), Son of Ranjit Singh.
o Duleep Singh (born 1838, crowned 1843, died 1893), Youngest son of Ranjit Singh.
* 1849 : Annexation of Punjab - The British Empire annexed Punjab in c.1845-49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars
* 1849–1947: British India established
* 1911: Calcutta ceases to be capital of Indian Empire and Delhi is removed from Punjab and becomes new capital territory
* 1947 : Partition of British India thus Punjab into 2 parts the Eastern part (or two rivers) became the Indian Punjab and the Western majority part (3 rivers) the Pakistan Punjab
* 1966: Punjab in India divided into three parts on linguistic basis - Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Punjabi Suba (the present India Punjab)
* 1984: Operation Blue Star and its aftermath
* 2001: 9/11 and its present aftermath in Pakistan Punjab

video de ghaint lagde ne.. chal mein  do dialogue bol te baaki de hor likh dinna

theek aa makhnaaaa :)

...

aye haye manu apna shehar yad a geya also otho de golgaape

sare nu golgaape di yaad kyu ohndi aa jada hehe

sada shaher thanku sis  :hug:
bacha jiwii di shop te suit bare shone hundee  :happy:

ur wc

so true

yea rite

okey
do you kn that who has done this fantastic job,,,,,,,

3 pplz do datz wrk.... i mnt sure abt name


hey neha ... oh network problem naal hoga n i deleted dat topic :)

wow kine sohne aa