karn ta compe laga c par eh bedard te zalim duniya jeen di daindi mainu shareef jahe nu. . .Ta aaj saare vad daine jehre raste ch aaunde. . . Te phela num sim da hi lagna. . . . Aaj khoon di nadiya wangnian, aasmaan laal ho jana, dharti aaj kambugi, loki yaad karuge k 2 jodea di ladai hoyi c :marro: gandasiya tikkiea karia aaj kam aania. . . . . Bach lavo sim hun. . . .

mainu bach to changa tu aap bach jaaaaaa oh he bahut aa..........

gandasiya mera kolo haiiiiiiii dekhna ta dekh aa fir tenu maiiii

Introduction

The district of Rupnagar is named after its district headquarters, the town of Rupnagar. Formerly known as Ropar, the town of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. The town is of considerable antiquity. Recent excavations and explorations conducted at Rupnagar indicate that the first civilized folk to settle here were the Harappans, who apparently reached the upper Satluj towards the close of third millenium B.C. District was carved out on Ist November , 1966 at the of re-organization of the State. The District has rich historical and religious significance behind it.
A new district S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) has been created on 14-04-2006. Two blocks Kharar and Majri of earlier Rupnagar District have been merged with the newly created district.

Location

Rupnagar district, included in the Patiala Division of Punjab falls between north latitude 30°-32' and 31°-24' and east longitude 76°-18' and 76°-55'. Rupnagar (formerly known as Ropar) town, the district headquarters is 42 Kms from Chandigarh, the state capital. The district adjoins Nawanshahar, Mohali and Fatehgarh Sahib Districts of Punjab. The district comprises 4 Tehsils, Rupnagar, Anandpur Sahib, Nangal and Chamkaur Sahib and includes 624 villages and 6 towns namely Rupnagar, Chamkaur Sahib, Anandpur sahib, Morinda, Kiratpur Sahib and Nangal. All the towns except Chamkaur sahib fall on railways line. The Satluj river passes close (2 to 5 km) to the towns of Nangal, Rupnagar and Anandpur Sahib.

Historical Background

The town of Rupnagar is of considerable antiquity. The town is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar who ruled in the 11th century and named Rupnagar after his son Rup Sen . The recent excavations carried out at Rupnagar have proved that this town was the seat of well developed Indus Valley Civilization . In proto - Historic Punjab perhaps Rupnagar is the only known excavation site which can claim the status of a small town or city . The founds in recent excavations consists of earthen bares, statues, coins, etc. That proves that the city dates back to Harrappa - Mohanjodharo civilization which crossed Satluj river. Many of them settled at this place. In the excavations many things founded belongs to Chandra Gupta, Kushan, Hoon and Mughal period. One of rare finds is a seal of Marble on which there are three letters engraved in Sindhi script. One of the finds is the statue of a woman dressing her hair. All these proves that even the people living in this town 4000 years, hence were fully civilized and well cultured.

Many historians are of the view that when the first man descended from the mountains in the North to plains, he settled down at Ropar. A Mount is still preserved by the Archeology Department at Ropar.

S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in 1763 A.D. and established his state . His son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state .

After the fall of Sirhind in 1763, Rupnagar came under the sikhs Chief Hari Singh. The most famous ruler of Ropar state was Raja Bhup Singh , who fought in the anglo-sikhs war of 1945. on the side of Maharaja Dalip Singh, the minor successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , against the British. Consequently, after the victory of the British, Ropar state of Raja Bhup Singh was confiscated.

The history of Ropar district is in fact the war of Guru Gobind Singh Ji against Mughal tyranny, exploiters and social evils. It is here in this district at Sarsa Nangal that the great Guru parted with the family and proceeded to Chamkaur Sahib where two elder Sahibzadas laid down their lives fighting for truth and Guru Sahib left for Machhiwara on a constant struggle.

The other important historical place in this District is Kiratpur Sahib situated on the banks of the river Satluj. This town was established by 6th Guru Shri Guru Har Gobind Singh Ji after buying Land from Raja Tara Chand of Kehloor through Baba Gurditta Ji. It is said that Guru Nanak Dev Ji made a professy regarding the establishment of this place. It is here at this place that Guru Nanak Dev Ji met saint Buddan Shah in a Jungle. It is here in Sheeshmahal that Guru Hargobind Sahib stayed from Sammat 1691 till the end came. Shri Guru Har Rai Ji and Shri Guru Harikrishan Ji were also born at this place and they were blessed with Guru Gaddi at this place. It is here at Gurdwara Patalpuri Sahib that Sikhs from all over the world immerse the ashes after death. Even the Babhuti of Shri Hari Krishan Ji was brought form Delhi and established at this place. About a half-mile away form Kiratpur Sahib the Takia of Saint Buddan Shah is situated.

Anandpur Sahib, a historical town in this district was founded by 9th Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Teg Bahadar Ji after buying Land in Village Makowal in 1723 A.D. It is at this place that the great 9th Guru performed perance to commemorate the gurudwara Bhaura Sahib built at Anandpur Sahib . It is also here at Anandpur Sahib that Kashmiri Pandits approached 9th Guru to save them from Mughal Tyranny. Acceding their request on the motivation of Guru Gobind Singh Ji , Shri Guru Teg Bahadar Ji left for Delhi to make Supreme Sacrifice. At Anandpur Sahib the great 10th Guru of Sikhs Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji spent his early age . It is here that the great Guru mastered the use of arms in Kila Anandgarh Sahib.

Further it was at Anandpur Sahib in Rupnagar District that Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji created Khalsa in 1699 on Baisakhi Day and brought about a cultural revolution. It was the most important landmark in the history of sikhs. The Khalsa created by Guru Gobind Singh Ji later on acquired the sovereign power of Punjab under Maharaja Ranjit Singh . The creation of Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib is the most important event not only in history of Rupnagar district, but also in the history of the sikhs and Punjab. Gurudwara Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur Sahib still commemorates the memory of the historical event as Guru created Khalsa at this place.

Another most important landmark historic event had been added to the history of the district, when in April 1999, 300th Birth of Khalsa was celebrated at Anandpur Sahib. Besides lacs of people from all walks of life from all over of the world, heads, important religious, social, political and administrative personalities participated in the Tercentenary functions and paid obesance at Gurudwara Takhat Shri Keshgarh Sahib. Historic City of Anandpur Sahib has been developed as tourist center. Khalsa heritage Memorial complex is being constructed.

Climate, Rainfall and Soil

The climate of Rupnagar District is characterized by its general dryness (except in the south-west monsoon season), a hot summer and a bracing cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitute the post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from minimum of 4° C in winter to 45° C in summer. May and June are generally hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70 percent during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in district is 775.6 mm. About 78 percent of the annual rainfall is received during the period from June to September. The soils of the District vary in texture generally from loam to silty clay loam except along the Sutlej River and chos where some sandy patches may be found. Chamkaur Sahib and Kharar blocks have sodic soils. The soils of Anandpur Sahib and Rupnagar blocks are undulating.

Haan. .Hun ta ikalle reh gaye aa . . . . .Chalo koi na main kalla ess zalim duniya nal lad lauga jao . . . Kalla shad davo mainu. . . . Vaise j tusi mainu :spam: dita ta main tuhanu :hit: dau ga . . . . :laugh:

mai teraaaaa sir tod ka tera hath vich farnaaaaaaaaa fir baith rahiiiiiii  :rockon: :rockon: :rockon:

Mosque of Sadhana Kasai at sirhind
This mosque is situated in the North-west of Sirhind-Ropar Railway Line just near level crossing. This historical monument is under the control of Archaeology Department. It is made of `Sirhindi Bricks' and its paintings are of `T' art. One `Shabad' of Sadhana Kasai had been incorporated in the holy Shri Guru Granth Sahib.


Haveli Todar Mal
The Haveli Todar Mal also known as Jahaz Haveli is situated on the Eastern side of Sirhind-Ropar Railway Line just 1 KM away from Fatehgarh Sahib. It is made of Sirhindi bricks. It is the Haveli where Diwan Todar Mal resided. Diwan Todar Mal in his lifetime paid the greatest tribute to Sikh community by purchasing piece of land at the substantial cost for the cremation of two younger Sahibzadas Baba Zorawar Singh & Baba Fateh Singh from the Mughal emperors. With this act he incurred the wrath of the ruling family.

Gurudwara Jyoti Sarup
This Gurudwara is about 1 Km from Fatehgarh Sahib on Sirhind- Chandigarh road. It was at this place that the mortal remains of Mata Gujri, the mother of Guru Gobind and his two younger sons, Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh were cremated. It is believed that Wazir Khan, the then Faujdar of Sirhind refused to allow the cremation of the bodies unless the land for the cremation was purchased by laying gold coins on it. Seth Todar Mal, who was an ardent devotee of Guru Gobind Singh, purchased this place of land by offering gold coins as demanded.


Gurudwara Shaheed Ganj
It is situated just half a kilometer from Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib. It commemorates the martyrdom of those Sikhs who were killed by the tyrannical Mughals. It is believed that forty cartloads of heads of martyred Sikhs, were cremated.


Rauza Sharif
On the Sirhind-Bassi Pathana Road, near Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib is the magnificent RAUZA OR DARGAH of Shaikh Ahmad Faruqi Sirhindi, popularly known as Mujaddid, Alf-Isfani who lived in the times of Akbar and Jahangir from 1563 to 1624.

The Shaikh is held in high esteem and is considered by Sunni Muslims to be second to prophet Mohammed. For this reason, this mausoleum is regarded as a second Macca by the Sunni Muslims. Every year, thousands of pilgrims from various parts of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangla Desh and other Muslim countries visit this place to participate in the celebrations, known as Urs of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi. The date of annual celebrations varies from year to year. Every year, these celebrations proceed by ten days than the previous year. By the side of the Rauza are the tombs of the Afghan Ruler, Shah Zaman and his Queen.


Tomb of Nabis at Bras
The tomb of Nabis is situated at a distance of 20 kms from Fatehgarh Sahib headquarters. It is said that Sheikh Ahmad Faruqui Sirhindi Muzdad Alafsani came and offered his obeisance here and said that thirteen Nabis (favorites of Allah) are buried here. Excavation followed and 11 human skeletons were found at the site. The grave of these 11 Nabis can still be seen today. This Mosque was constructed under the supervision of Dr. Nizamuddin of Malerkotla. The tomb is erected on a raised platform and the villagers have lot of respect for this place.

For this reason there is no upper storey in the village and no one sleeps on the roof of his or her house. Devotees from China and Afghanistan also visit this place. People visiting the Rauza Sharif make it a point to visit Brass as well.

Sanghol
This is an ancient site of Harappan culture and is being maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. Sanghol, located on Ludhiana-Chandigarh Road and is in Khamano block of the District, is a major archeological site of India. Its importance lies not merely in the antiquarian relics discovered from the excavated remnants, but also because like Rupnagar (Ropar district) and Dholvaha (Hoshiarpur district), Sanghol had yielded a good harvest of sculptures. These objects of art are of immense historical importance. The discovery of the ruins of a huge Buddhist Stupa, and 117 pieces of beautifully executed stone sculptures from Sanghol has disproved the notion that Punjab did not have a major role in the development of ancient Indian arts. In fact, in the light of the discoveries of architectural remnants, stone and clay sculptures, coins, seals and sealing from Sanghol, art historians have already reversed their earlier views about Punjab's contribution to the cultural history of the country, and Sanghol has been identified as the then flourishing center of Buddhist art.

The remnants of the Stupa and the stone sculptures discovered near Sanghol have been the focus of attention of scholars and common people. Since some of these stone sculptures were displayed at an exhibition abroad put up in connection with the Festival of India, Sanghol's fame has mostly been woven around these treasures. Scholars too have mostly written on the stylistic and iconographic merits of these sculptures. Not much attention has been paid to the many other treasures found from Sanghol.

Hundreds of baked clay and terracotta figurines have been discovered from Sanghol. Some scholars in stray articles have casually noticed some of them. But they deserve an exclusive treatment in a comprehensive way. These objects of art are very rich in variety and creative expression. Most of these terracotta figurines seem to have been primarily meant for ritualistic rites performed by women. Children as toys perhaps used some of them. A few might have served the purpose of decorating walls and niches. The technique of making these terracotta figurines seems to be the same as that followed in other ancient Indian sites.

The terracotta figurines from Sanghol can be broadly classified under three heads: the primitive types of the timeless variety; the time-bound types representing characters and showing changes in taste; and the cult figurines following canonical prescriptions. Of course, there can also be a miscellaneous category to accommodate those, which cannot be brought under any of the three classifications.

The first category represents human, animal and avian figures. The human figures of this category mostly belong to the "star type". In the animal representations, the bull predominates, both numerically and in variety. The dog as a domestic pet is also seen. The second category consists mostly of human busts. The changing taste of the artists is reflected in the preferred variety of the form as also in the deviation from the stereotype. The forms seem to assume the meaning of characters. However, they do not seem to be 'portraits' in the true sense. These figurines seem to represent characters, which form a crowd, rather than 'personalities' that stand out. Foreign characters wearing European hats have also been found.

In the third category, there are numerous figures, which are difficult to identify. Many of their features are missing due to abrasion. Thus, their iconographical identity cannot be established. However, two figures stand out with distinct characteristics. A standing male figure holding a spear and a cock in his hands is indisputably that of Skanda-Kartikeya. Another male figure holding a flute near the mouth is likely to be the representation of Krishna as Venugopala. The terracotta art of Sanghol truly mirrors the picture of the folk traditions of ancient Punjab.

Floating Restaurant Sirhind
Floating Restaurant erected over the Sirhind Canal is a key tourist spot maintained by The Punjab Tourism Development Corporation (PTDC). It is at a distance of 5 KM. from Sirhind on GT Road. It magnetizes a large number of tourists, especially during summer. It is a unique type of Restaurant in whole of the Punjab. Built in the middle of the canal, it presents a scenic view to the visitors.

The Channel on which the floating restaurant is built supplies water to the states of Haryana and Rajasthan. This channel always carries 8000 cusecs of water and the giant vessels on which this restaurant rests are made in such a way that they can withstand this pressure. In the peak season, the water reaches 10,000 cusecs but that raises the water level by 6to 8 inches only and thus the structure does not come under any undue pressure.

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