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Topics - Kudi Nepal Di

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401
Lok Virsa Pehchaan / Punjabi Sikh wedding 'ch hon waliyan rasmaan
« on: June 09, 2010, 06:14:15 AM »

VIAH TON PAHLAN :
Bhocha torna : Viah di sab ton pahli rasam shuru hoyee bhocha toran ton. Bhocha torna means ladki di family formally ladke di family nu viah te invite kardi hai.... jisda matlab hunda hai ki aj ton hun tusi v viah diyan sariyan tyaariyan shuru kar deyo.Bhoche vich ladke de ghar gandh chithi(formal inviation), a lot of dry fruits,mishri, vichole vicholan de kapde, mithaeee etc. bhejeya janda hai.

Daaj de kapde bnana : bhocha toran ton baad viah diya baaki tyariyan shuru ho jandiyan ne.Us ton baad ghar de saare jee ikatthe hoke kudi Suits di shopping karan jande ne. jo kapde ladki apne gharo laindi hai ohna nu daaj te jo ladke ghoron aunde ne ohna nu Wari kahnde ne.
Daaj de suits di ginti 7, 9 , 11 , 13 ya 15 ho sakdi hai(same for Wari)

Saureyan ton shagun auna : fir vicholan ladke waleyan de gharon ladki layee shagun laike aundi hai. Shagun vich ladki layee kujh suits(that is part of Wari), make up kit, mahndi, mishri, dry fruits, makhane, ladke di puggdi, fulkari, kudi de veer da joda,shagne paun layee laal ribbon,gold set etc. smaan hunda hai.

Shagne pauna : Fir ik din pind(village) vich sab nu sdda bhejeya janda hai ki aj kudi nu shagne pauna hai.Pind diya aurta thaliyaan vich kanak ya munji(jeeri) pake leaundiyan ne.jo shagun di rasam ton baad pind di painchni(raani) laike jandi hai.Fir kudi nu ik lakdi di fatti (patra) te saje pair di tali heth kujh paise rakhke bithaya janda hai. Shagun de smaan
chon kangi te ribbon laike usdiyan midiyaan karke gutt kiti jandi hai. Kudi nu shagun ch aya make up da smaan laya janda hai.usnu shaugun wale gahne pake us te fulkaari diti jandi hai.Fir bharjayian usde hath te thodi mahndi lake usdi jholi kujh mitha(badaana, te mishri etc.) paundiyan ne te usda muh mitha karwaundiyan ne. Usde muh chuhara lagwake usnu fatti to utha leya janda hai.Maneyan jandahai ki usda jootha eh chuhara jo v khayega usda viah v chheti hi ho jayega.Pind diyan aurtaan nu ohna diyan thaliyan ch badaana te shagun ch aaya
dry fruit, mishri, makhane etc pake dite jande ne. Kudi diyan saheliyan nu thuthi(half coconut) ch eh sab paake dita janda hai.Fir kudi jholi peya smaan sab nu vand-di hai.

mayian pauna : fir next day or same day, mayian di rasam hundi hai. Fir kudi nu lakad di fatti te saje pair thale paise rakhke bithaya janda hai. Shagun wele kitiayan midiyan te gutt kholke ajj dobara usdi gutt kiti jandi hai. bhabhiyan usnu changi traan vesan da vatna
maldiyan ne. fir ik bhabhi kudi nu shagna da gaana ban-di hai.eh gaana viah ton agle din munda kholda hai. kudi di jholi vich hun ghunghniyan(ubaali hoyee kanak) te gud paya janda hai. Usda muh is naal mitha karwake usnu fatti ton utha leya janda hai.Fir kudi jholi peya smaan sab nu vand-di hai.

mahndi lagwana : viah ton ik do din pahlan kudi de shagun ch aayee mahndi gholi jandi hai. Fir kise mahndi laan wali nu bula ke ohh mahndi kudi nu te baaki sab saheliyan te rishtedaara nu layee jandi hai.(Ajkal kudiyan us mahndi da sirf shagun kardiyan ne, te khud
mahndi beautition ton hi lagwake aundiyan ne  )

Choorha(or chooda) chadaana : viah ton pahli raat ya fir swere khaare(bath) chadaan ton pahlan kudi nu maame walon Choorha(or chooda) chadaya janda hai.Kudi da mama Choorha(or chooda) laike aunda hai. ik praat vich kachi lassi (mix water and milk) pake us 'ch Choorha
(or chooda) dhoke, maama 5 5 churiyan karke kudi de dove hathi Choorha(or chooda) paunda hai.Choorha(or chooda) chadake maama bhanevi nu kujh na kujh shagun paunda hai.

Khaare chadaana : Choorha(or chooda) chadaun ton baad khaare chaadaan di rasam hundi
hai.khare chadaana means nvaana (or ishnaan karwana).Kudi nu ik fatti te bithaya janda hai. kudi diyan bharjayian us nu vatna lake, usde sir vich dahi paake , usnu changi tran nvaandiyan ne. Fir kudi navaa suit paake tyar hoke use fatti te khadi ho jandi hai. Kudi udon tak us fatti ton niche nahi utardi jadon tak maama usnu kujh shagun ya gift de ke khud uthon utaar ke na laike aave. Fir maama bhanevi nu kujh shagun de ke chuk ke fatti ton niche utaarda hai.

Munde nu shagun laan jaana : Viah ton ik din pahlan kudi de ghar wale munde nu shagun laan jande ne. Kudi de pita ji munde te usde saare parivaar layee kujh bhetaan laike jande ne. Uthe munde nu sindoor da tilak lake usdi jholi goom(coconut)te shagun da baaki smaan pake rasam poori kiti jandi hai.

Jaago kadni : viah ton ik din pahlaan kudi diyan maamiyan jago kad-diyan ne. Pital di ik gagar nu aate de dive bnake badi achhi tran sjaya janda hai.fir maamiyan saare dive baal ke dadkiyan te hor rishtedaara nu naal laike jago kad-diyan ne. Is doraan nankiyan te daadkiyan
ch ik mithi ji nok jhok chaldi hai. Jaago nu jaan pahchaan de sare gharaan ch lai jaya janda hai. Ghar wale jaago ch tel paande ne te jaago leaun waleyan nu gidha paun layee kahnde ne.jago wale jinna jinna de ghar jande ne ohna de paani wale parche te kachiyan chullaan bhanke aunde ne.fir last ch ik chhajj bhan ke jago vapis ghar laiaundi jaandi hai.



VIAH WALA DIN :

Milni karna : viah wale din braat de aun te sab ton pahlaan GURUDUARE de bhai ji walon ardaas kiti jaandi hai. Fir doven gharaan de rishtedaara vich milni hundi hai. Like kudi de pita ji munde de pita ji de gall ch haar pake ohna nu koi bhet de ke ohna da swagat karde ne. Ise tran chacha, maama, masar, fufar, veer, jeeja etc. sab di milni hundi hai.

Ribbon ktayee(or saliyan da naaka) : kudi diyan bhaina(sisters) braat de rah vich ik ribbon lgake khadiyan ho jandiyan ne. Munda ribbon katke hi andar ja sakda hai. Par ribbon kattan ton pahlan munde nu apniyaan saliyan nu muh mangeya shagun de ke khush karna painda hi. Taan hi oh usda muh mitha karwake usnu ribbon katan di permission dindiyan ne. Is time kudi diyan bhaina te munde te usde dostaan vich pyaari ji nok jhok te hassi majak hunda hai.

ladies di milni: braat de andar aun te ladies di milni di rasam hundi hai. Jithe kudi di maa munde di maa de gall haar paake, usdi jholi dry fruit, mishri, makhane etc paake usnu koi bhet de ke usda swagat kardi hai. Ise tran ghar diyan baaki aurtaan di v milni kiti jandi hai.

lawaan di rasam : braat nu cha paani peya ke kudi te munde de kujh najdiki rishtedaar dovaan nu lawaan di rasam layee laike jande ne.Lawaan di rasam layee kudi apne mapeyan naal GURUDUARE aundi hai te munda apneyan naal. Dovan de aun te Bhai ji dovan nu DARBAAR sahib de sahmne baithan layee kahnde ne te uthe rasma shuru hundiyan ne.

sab ton pahlan munde de pita ji usda sehra vdhaun di rasam karde ne.(Darbaar Sahib sahmne munda kalgi te sehra sjake nahi baith da, so usde pita ji usnu utaar ke DARBAAR SAHIB de sahmne rakh dinde ne).

Fir Bhai ji Ardaas karde ne jis vich sirf munda, kudi, dovan de mata te pita ji hi khade hunde ne. Baaki sab baithe rahnde ne.

Fir palla fadaun di rasam hundi hai. kudi de pita ji munde da palla (Dupatta that he is wearing around his neck) kudi de hath vich fdaunde ne.

Is ton baad Bhai ji chaar lawaan da path karde ne. Te kudi munda bina kisi di madad de(pahle dina vich kudi nu sahara den layee lawan wele usde veer khade hunde c, par hun is di permission nahi hai) khud hi chaar lawaan SACHE PATSHAH di mehar naal puriyan karke ik
pavitar rishtey vich bajh jande ne.

Fir kudi de pita ji dobara palla kudi ton vapis laike munde nu fda dinde ne. Fir kujh der Raagi kirtan karde ne, te saare munde te kudi di khush-haal zindagi layee duya karde ne.

Jutti lukayee : Lawaan lain layee munda GURUDUARE de bahar apni jutti utaar ke janda hai. Par kise tran kudi diyan bhaina Jutti luko laindiyan ne. Munde nu Jutti vapis lain layee apniyan saaliyan nu kujh shagun dena painda hai.Is ton baad kudi munde de naal vapis viah
pandaal wali jagah(ghar ya palace) jandi hai, jithe saare rishtedaar ohna dovan di jholi shagun paunde ne.

Dhudh pilayee : Shagun puan ton baad munde nu kudi diya bharjayian dudh pilayee di rasam layee laike jandiyan ne. Uthe munde nu te usde naal de kujh 10 12 dosta veeran nu 1 1 gilaas dudh da pilaya janda hai. Munde nu kudi di bharjayee nu is layee kujh shagun dena painda hai. Uthe hi kudi di bhain nu munde walon gold ring payee jandi hai te baaki sab saheliyan te bhaina layee cvhandi de chhalle dite jande ne.

Doli turni : shaam nu doli tori jaandi hai. Us time munde nu bulaya janda hai te kudi usde naal naal turdi ik thali cho chaul chuk ke apne sir uton di pichhe sutt-di jandi hai.fir apne saare rishtedaara nu mil ke, apne sab close ones nu chhadke jaan de gam ch bhaari mann naal babul gharon vida ho jandi hai.

Fera pauna : pahlan viah ton duje din jake kudi da veer usnu saure gharon laike aunda c tan ki ohh sab nu dobara mil sake. Is nu muklaawe jaana ya fera pauna kahnde ne.ajkal sab kol time di kami karke viah wale din hi eh rasam kar diti jandi hai. Kudi da veer doli turan vele usde naal hi janda hai. Fir oh apne pind di juuh lang ke kise GURUDUARE ch matha tekde ne. Uthon fir munde doli wali car vapis uthe hi aundi hai jithon doli turdihai. Uthe kudi de sab rishtedaar khade wait karde ne. Kudi da veer fir uthe hi utar janda hai te kudi sab nu ik vaar fir milke vida hundi hai.

Mathha tekna: Saure ghar pahunch ke pahlan kudi te munde nu GURUDUARE matha tikaan layee laike jaya jandahai. Taaki ghar pair paun ton pahlaan RABB da ashirwaad mile te ohh apni navee life sukhi sukhi shuru kar sakan.

Tel dhalayee : Munde de ghar sab ton pahlan us pind di painchni ya nain bahar wale buhe te tel dhaaldi hai. Fir navee viahee dulhan ton kujh shagun laike hi raah chhadd-di hai.

Paani vaarna: fir munde di maa apne nuh putar de sir ton paani te gud vaardi hai. Munda maa nu paani vaar ke peen ton rokda rahnda hai te maa peen di koshish kardihai. Fir 5 vaar varan te ohh maa nu khud hi paani pilandahai ki hun maa rajj ke pi lai. Ise tran hi gud varan vele
4 vaar rokda hai te 5 vaar khud hi hath lake khawanda hai.

muh vikhayee : Fir munde de ghar sab valo navee nuh(bahu) nu muh vikhaye da shagun paya janda hai.

churi diya grayiana(nivala) khawana : fir kudi di sass makhan te shakar rla ke churi bnake laiaundi hai. oh pahla 5 vaar pane putar nu hatheli te grayian dindi hai jo oh ik ik karke kha lainda hai.Fir same tarike naal hi kudi di hatheli te v thodi thodi churi rakhi jandihai jo ohh har vaar kha laindi hai. Pichhe khadiyan sab aurtaan gaundiyan rahndiyan ne :
"grayian lai lai ve sass ne ghaleya(bhejeya) bhukha
grayian lai lai ve sass ne ghaleya(bhejeya) bhukha"
"grayian lai lai ni maa ne ghalee(bhejee) bhukhee
grayian lai lai ni sass ne ghalee(bhejee) bhukhee"

Gode bithayee : Fir munde da chhota veer apni navee bharjayi(bhabhi) de gode te (godi ch) baithda hai.oh baithan lage bhabhi nu kujh shagun dinda hai. Bhabhi us nu apne gode ton uthaan layee jinne deor ne dite ne us ton double shagun dindi hai, tan hi oh uthda hai.

kalire khulayee : fir munde di bhain apni bharjayi de kalire kholdi hai. kudi apni nanaan (nanad) nu apni khushi naal kalire khulayee da kujh shagun dindi hai.
paggdi jholi puana: fir munda apne sir di pagg lake apni bhain di jholi paunda hai, te naale usnu shagun dinda hai.

Gaana khedna : viah wale din hi ya fir agle din gaana khedan di rasam hundi hai. Munde te kudi diyan bharjayian ne mayian vele ohna nu jo gaane bane c oh dovan ne ik duje da kholna hunda hai. Jo kholan te ghat time lgaundahai oh jit gya
fir ik praat vich kachi lassi paake us ch ganne, ik rupya, te ik ring dubo diti jandi hai.te dovan ne ring te baaki saara smaan labhna hunda hai. jis ne sab labhke chuk leya oh jit gya. Eh 5 vaari kita janda hai.
Dovan de gaane khedan ton baad munda gaane te kujh hor paise kudi di jholi ch paunda hai te kahnda hai
"khatti kamai main teri jholi paayee"
fir ik praat vich chaul pake launde jande ne. Ohh vaari vaari munde kudi ne buk (doven hath ikathe karke) bharke ik duje di jholi paune hunde ne. Is ton vekheya janda hai dovaan da dil kinna nu vadda hai.Eh v 5 vaari kita jandahai.
Fir ise traan buk bhar ke sass nuh ik duji nu dindiyan ne. Eh v 5 vaari kita jandahai.



VIAH TON BAAD :

Got-knala ya lassi pair pauna : ik din mundfe de saare pind vich sda dita jandahai ki ajj got kanala karnahai, jisnu kujh pinda ch lassi pair pvaana v keha jandahai. Pind diyan aurtan nu den layee rang wale mithe chaul bnaye jande ne. us din sass navee ayee nuh de pair kachi lassi ch dhondi hai.Pind diyan aurtan thaliyan ch kanak ya munjhi(jeeri) laike aundiyan ne. sariyan aurtaan kudi nu muh vikhayee da shagun paundiyan ne te thali h mithe chaul puake laike jandiyan ne.

Peti khulayee : Fir kudi apne Daaj de saare suits vikhandi hai. Aisa karn layee oh apni nanaan nu suit vikhaan layee kahndi hai. jis nu peti kholna bolde ne. Is vaste nanaan apni bhabhi de suits 'cho jo usnu achha lage ohi suit chukk sakdi hai.
Trivenda jana : Kujh din baad kudi de veer usnu usde peke laike jaan layee aunde ne. Is nu trivende da fera pauna keha janda hai. Munde de parivaar walo lain aye jeeyan nu kujh na kujh bhet diti jandi hai.

Trivenda to vapis jaana : Kudi jadon kujh din apne peke rahndi hai tan us ton kujh din baad munda te usde parivaar wale kudi nu lain aunde ne. Us din kudi de parivaar wale ohna nu kujh na kujh bhet dinde ne.

Kamm laana : saure ghar ik din kudi nu kamm laya janda hai. Isda matlab hundahai ki us tron pahlan oh koi kamm nahi c kar sakdi, usne sirf araam karna c, par hun je oh chahe tan lod pain te rasoi ch dujeyan da hath vta sakdi hai, ohna di help kar sakdi hai. Kamm lvaan layee
kudi nu 5 ya 7 pede (roti pkaan layee) karan layee, te khaan layee kujh mitha bnaan layee keha janda hai.Fir kudi ghar de sare jiyaan nu khana serve kardi hai. pyaar te shukraane vajo ghar de saare jee usnu shagun paunde ne.

Ehne din tak kudi apne saure parivaar vich kaafi achhi traan rach mich jandi hai. Is ton baad koi khaas rasam nahi hundi te sab viah de mahol cho holi holi bahar aa jande ne.Mainu inj lageya jive main eh sab likhde likhde fir ton viah wale din ch pahunch gayee c

I know ki main kaafi jyada likh dita hai, but je koi pura pade tan us nu mere walon Thanks in advance :he: :he:






Edit by Billu Bakra - added bold text to headings

402
Pics / my bday party pictures
« on: June 08, 2010, 11:24:04 AM »
ssa jee...... aa dekhoooooo meri bday party diya pictures pj member da naal....

sab dance karde ena cute lagde neeeee..... :happy:

sab pics de naal naam likhne dekhooooo aap he....

403
Gup Shup / sugg for new comp
« on: June 08, 2010, 09:33:02 AM »
ssa ji kida sab
aa topic pehla vi banya c ideas comp
but mai gal karna magdi hai next comp
kuch kiwe da comp hoya jis naal sab fun karne sakne
like kehra vadiya kam karda hai pj vich gs nu sab nu ik ij kam dana chada jis naal pj di haalta ho vi thik ho jau.
plz vote
n
je galati ho gayi hova ta maff kardo.
thx
pj pari
desi jatti

404
Gup Shup / mah new sig
« on: June 08, 2010, 06:54:38 AM »
check mah profile cuz mai sab kuch desi kartaaaaaaaa......
je isnu real punjab n culture bare kuch puchna hoya taaaaa.... plz contact mee....

mai tuhanuuu dasuuu gayii je mainu pata hoyaaaaaa :hehe:

405
Tutorials / how to add gif picture on your display?
« on: June 03, 2010, 07:38:53 AM »
jst open ur profile

Modify Profile > Forum Profile Information

406
Tutorials / how to find your uploaded files??
« on: June 03, 2010, 07:24:05 AM »
tusie pehla apni profile nu open karna haiiiii firr...

Portal functions > Uploaded files

ta click karoooooooo

407
Tutorials / how to use forum
« on: May 31, 2010, 06:58:12 AM »
How to Use Forum Part 1


How to Use Forum Part 2




je na samjha ayiiiiiii ta fir puch laooooooooo :pagel:

408
Love Pyar / Love Is ...
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:47:04 AM »
Love is the greatest feeling,
Love is like a play,
Love is what I feel for you,
Each and every day,
Love is like a smile,
Love is like a song,
Love is a great emotion,
That keeps us going strong,
I love you with my heart,
My body and my soul,
I love the way I keep loving,
Like a love I can't control,
So remember when your eyes meet mine,
I love you with all my heart,
And I have poured my entire soul into you,
Right from the very start.

409
Love Pyar / A Special World
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:44:16 AM »
A special world for you and me
A special bond one cannot see
It wraps us up in its cocoon
And holds us fiercely in its womb.

Its fingers spread like fine spun gold
Gently nestling us to the fold
Like silken thread it holds us fast
Bonds like this are meant to last.

And though at times a thread may break
A new one forms in its wake
To bind us closer and keep us strong
In a special world, where we belong

410
Jokes Majaak / Old Man: Putar mere dand (teeth) lai ke aa.
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:37:59 AM »

Old Man: Putar mere dand (teeth) lai ke aa.
Putar: Bapu roti te bani nahi hai.

Old Man: Roti nahi khani, sahmne vali buddhi nu smile deni hai.

411
Jokes Majaak / Dear dost! Je kade tera ikale da panga
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:37:01 AM »
Dear dost! Je kade tera ikale da panga 10 bandiyan nal pe jave ta mainu bula lai.

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Main kade kise de kut paindi nahi dekhi..

412
Jokes Majaak / Munda: Papa ik glass pani de do
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:35:22 AM »
Munda: Papa ik glass pani de do.

Papa: Apne aap lai lai.

Munda: Papa, please tusi de do.

Papa: Je hun mainu pani vaste keha ta me 2 thapad maranga.

Munda: Papa jado thapad maran aaoge ta pani lainde aana.

413
Knowledge / How to Propagate Fruits and Nuts by Seed?
« on: May 31, 2010, 04:18:57 AM »

Although most of the fruit and nut trees do not bear fruits true to variety when propagated by seeds, seeds may need to be planted in order to get the understock on which to propagate the wood of better varieties. Certain treatments need to be given to most of the seeds in order to get them to germinate. In some cases, a hard seed-coat may hinder germination. One of the following three treatments will usually make the seed-coats permeable to water: (1) soaking in sulfuric acid, (2) soaking in hot water or immersing the seed for a short period in boiling water, and (3) mechanical scarification.

Of all of the causes of natural delay in seed germination, dormancy of the embryo is most common. A seed with a dormant embryo must complete a process of “after-ripening” before it acquires the ability to germinate. After-ripening takes place only at the proper temperature and in the presence of abundant supplies of moisture and air (oxygen). For most of the native trees and shrubs in Oklahoma, an average temperature of 41oF is favorable to after-ripening.

In practical handling of dormant seed, after-ripening is done by “stratification,” i.e., by mixing the seed with moist sand, sawdust, or peat moss. The latter, peat moss, is preferable because it has a very large water-holding capacity, and yet while moist (not wet), it does not interfere with aeration of the seed.

After being thoroughly mixed with the stratification medium, the seed is placed in baskets, crates, jars, or any other convenient container. The seed container is stored in a place where the temperature, through a definite period of time, will be maintained within the range effective in after-ripening. Standard bushel and half-bushel baskets, glass jars, and tin cans are very convenient. For the sake of reducing the chances of infection, line the inside of a basket with clean paper before placing stratified seed into it. Stratified seed should never be packed tightly because this will interfere with good aeration.

After the mixture of seed and stratification medium is in a container, it is advisable to put an additional layer (1/2 inch thick) of pure peat moss, sand, or sawdust on the top of the mixture and to cover the container with paper. This will help in keeping the seed moist throughout the period of stratification. Properly stratified and well-covered seed kept at a low temperature should remain moist for at least two or three months.

Large quantities of stratified seed can be kept in a cold room or in a cellar. When neither of these is available, the seed can be buried outdoors on the north side of a building. Small quantities of seed that are commonly handled by home gardeners can be placed in small jars and kept in a refrigerator or ice box.

The length of the stratification period varies with seed of different species. The recommendation made for each species is only an average and not an exact, standard period.

For the seed of some species, fall planting is a satisfactory substitute for stratification and saves time, labor, and space in cold storage. For these species, fall planting is effective if the seeds remain moist and are well protected from rodents and if the temperature in the winter stays low for a sufficient length of time.
Nuts

Hickories (Carya spp.) The seeds of most hickories are dormant, requiring stratification for various periods of time. Stratification requirements depend on the species and, to some extent, on the origin of the seed. The approximate stratification requirement of nuts of the most common Oklahoma hickories is three months at 33oF to 50oF. Fall planting of hickory nuts is used very successfully, provided that the nuts are well protected against rodents and severe freeze.

Pecans (C. illionesis) The pecan differs from other hickory nuts in its characteristics and requirements. It does not fall into dormancy but can germinate at any time when conditions are favorable. Despite this difference, pecan seed is commonly stratified or kept in cold storage at high humidity through the winter and planted in the spring of the year. This prevents the nut from becoming rancid and from losing its viability. And at the same time, the possibility of the pecan germinating out of season is excluded. If planted during the fall and winter, the non-dormant pecan will usually germinate the following spring.

Black Walnuts (Juglans nigra) Black walnut, when ripened and shed from the tree, is dormant. The seed coat, though extremely hard, permits the kernel to absorb water rather freely. By the time the kernel after-ripens and is ready to resume growth, the hard seed coat cracks along the edges and, thus, presents no obstacle to the growing embryo. Black walnut after-ripens in stratification at 33oF to 50oF in two or three months. Many propagators prefer fall planting, but in Oklahoma the winter temperature may not stay low enough for the sufficient length of time.

Small Fruit Blackberries (Rubus spp.) Blackberry seed, due to the dormancy of its embryo, requires stratification at 33oF to 35oF before being planted. The stratification requirement varies considerably with sometimes as long as five to six months being necessary. The average is approximately three months. September is suggested as the best time for planting.

Treat dry seed with acid for about 30 minutes. Commercial varieties of blackberries are commonly propagated by root cuttings or tip layering.

Grapes (Vitis spp.) Grape seed requires stratification at 37oF, varying in length from 90 to 140 days.

Because of the great variation of grape seedlings, seed cannot be relied upon to produce a vineyard of the desired variety. Commercial varieties of grapes are propagated by cuttings and grafting and sometimes by budding and layering.

Tree Fruits

Apple (Malus spp.) The seed of apple is used primarily for the production of root-stocks, since apple varieties do not come true from seed. The seed of apples is dormant and requires stratification at 34oF to 40oF for a period of two to two and a half months for the completion of after-ripening. From the time of its extraction from the fruit, the seed should be kept continuously moist. Excessively prolonged drying results in the loss of seed vitality.

 

Cherry (Prunus spp.) The seeds of all common species of cherries have a period of dormancy. Various species and varieties of cherry differ somewhat in their stratification requirements. Some complete after-ripening in a course of four weeks while others require as long as 14 or more weeks under the same conditions. The after-ripening seeds germinate, and the seedlings grow freely at a temperature close to freezing. Therefore, a long period of stratification cannot be recommended.

The following schedule is probably the safest:

Species        Period (days)          Temperature


P. mahaleb        88                   37o F

P. avium (Mazzard)  100-125            37o F

P. serotina (Black)  30-60             30o -50o F





While in stratification, cherry seed must be under frequent observation, particularly during the last part of the recommended stratification period. If the completion of after-ripening occurs too far in advance of the time of planting (as evidenced by cracking of the seed coat), the temperature of stratification should be lowered to 31oF to 32oF for the rest of the stratification period.

Plum (Prunus spp.) Plum seed requires stratification. The exact period for plums varies with the species as well as with individual lots. The common wild plum of Oklahoma (Prunus angustifolia) is usually well after-ripened after stratification of 60 to 90 days at 34oF to 40oF. Plum seed germinates freely at a low temperature once the after-ripening is completed. Therefore, make periodic observations of stratified seed and lower the temperature if germination starts too soon.

Peach (Prunus persica) and Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) At the time of ripening, as much as fifty percent of the seed may be dormant. In commercial nursery practice, peach stones are commonly planted in the fall of the year. They usually germinate freely the following spring because fall planting provides the proper conditioning. However, one can expect somewhat better results if the seeds are stratified over winter under controlled conditions and planted in the spring. The most favorable stratification temperature for the peach is between 32oF an 45oF. At this temperature, the seed after-ripens in approximately 75 to 100 days.

Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) Propagation of persimmon is considered difficult and germination of its seed uncertain. The seed is dormant when ripe. The cause of the dormancy lying in the embryo. Stratification at a low temperature for a period of 20 to 40 days or fall planting of unstratified seed has been reported effective in breaking dormancy and forcing germination.



414
Knowledge / Interesting Facts
« on: May 31, 2010, 03:50:37 AM »
1. It is impossible to lick your elbow.

2. A crocodile can't stick its tongue out.

3. A shrimp's heart is in its head.

4. In a study of 200,000 ostriches over a period of 80 years, no one reported a single case where an ostrich buried its head in the sand.

5. It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.

6. A pregnant goldfish is called a twit.

7. More than 50% of the people in the world have never made or received a telephone call.

8. Horses can't vomit.

9. Sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick is said to be the toughest tongue twister in the English language.

10. If you sneeze too hard, you can fracture a rib. If you try to suppress a sneeze, you can rupture a blood vessel in your head or neck and die. If you keep your eyes open by force, they can pop out.

11. Rats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over a million descendants.

12. Wearing headphones for just an hour will increase the bacteria in your ear by 700 times.

13. If the government has no knowledge of aliens, then why does Title 14, Section 1211 of the Code of Federal regulations, implemented on July 16, 1969, make it illegal for U.S. citizens to have any contact with extraterrestrials or their vehicles?

14. In every episode of Seinfeld there is a Superman somewhere.

15. A duck's quack doesn't echo, and no one knows why.

16. 23% of all photocopier faults worldwide are caused by people sitting on them and photocopying their butts.

17. Most lipstick contains fish scales.

18. Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different.

19. Over 75% of people who read this will try to lick their elbow.

415
Introductions / New Friends / I m goin now
« on: May 30, 2010, 01:40:03 PM »
Ssa ji kida sab tuhanu sab nu hasi hova gayi janka ki ma leave pj hun.. Mai aj tak kise da bura nhi kita but sab mainu hurt karde ne. Vaisa vi mera pj te jana ja na jan naal kisne koi fark nhi pani. :cry:

416
Gup Shup / add new picture
« on: May 30, 2010, 06:46:28 AM »
ssa jee........

mai gallery vich members diya baby pics payeeeee...
je tusie nhi pasand ayi taaaaa mainuuu das dooooo...
mai delete karduuuu gayiiii n jehra koi raha gaya dasdoooo mainu

ethe paoooooo doooooo.....

http://punjabijanta.com/members-pic/post-a-pic-of-your-akh-nak-kan-mu/


naal aa laooooo linkkkkkk dekhoo pics gallery vichhhh

http://punjabijanta.com/v/pj-member-albums/Pj+Member+Baby+Pic/

http://punjabijanta.com/v/pj-member-albums/Pj+Member+Baby+Pic/?g2_page=2

417
Help & Suggestions / Help me gs?
« on: May 28, 2010, 10:23:05 PM »
Meri id nu ki panga pa gaya home page ta pink color show karda n forum vich purple aa ki karta meri profile help me plz

418
Knowledge / Ik question da answer mangdi hai?
« on: May 28, 2010, 03:14:07 PM »
Ssa jee
Koi pplz mornin tym sun nu pani pade ne fir oh evenin tym kyu nhi pade pani??

419
Tutorials / How to register your account on Pj - Part1
« on: May 28, 2010, 12:16:15 PM »
How to register your account on Pj - Part 1

420
Introductions / New Friends / Welcome to pj pari sweet desi kuri..
« on: May 27, 2010, 10:24:13 PM »
Ssa je. Cong sweet desi kuri n most welcome sis pj staff vich add ho gaye sis hun tuhade kol ik power aa gayi hai tusie jehra new topic banya hai je koi galat ho jave tusie usnu delete kar sakde ho n lock vi

Chalo hun sab cong karo desi nu

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